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  2. Water softening - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_softening

    Water softening is the removal of calcium, magnesium, and certain other metal cations in hard water. The resulting soft water requires less soap for the same cleaning effort, as soap is not wasted bonding with calcium ions. Soft water also extends the lifetime of plumbing by reducing or eliminating scale build-up in pipes and fittings.

  3. Water treatment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_treatment

    Dalecarlia Water Treatment Plant, Washington, D.C. Water treatment is any process that improves the quality of water to make it appropriate for a specific end-use. The end use may be drinking, industrial water supply, irrigation, river flow maintenance, water recreation or many other uses, including being safely returned to the environment.

  4. Lime softening - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lime_softening

    Lime softening. Lime softening (also known as lime buttering, lime-soda treatment, or Clark 's process) [1] is a type of water treatment used for water softening, which uses the addition of limewater (calcium hydroxide) to remove hardness (deposits of calcium and magnesium salts) by precipitation. The process is also effective at removing a ...

  5. Water purification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_purification

    For treatment of wastewater, see wastewater treatment. Water purificationis the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids, and gases from water. The goal is to produce water that is fit for specific purposes. Most water is purified and disinfected for human consumption (drinking water), but water ...

  6. Sodium carbonate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_carbonate

    Infobox references. Sodium carbonate (also known as washing soda, soda ash and soda crystals) is the inorganic compound with the formula Na2CO3 and its various hydrates. All forms are white, odourless, water-soluble salts that yield alkaline solutions in water. Historically, it was extracted from the ashes of plants grown in sodium-rich soils ...

  7. Carbonated water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonated_water

    Carbonated water is a diluent mixed with alcoholic beverages where it is used to top-off the drink and provides a degree of 'fizz'. Adding soda water to "short" drinks such as spirits dilutes them and makes them "long" (not to be confused with long drinks such as those made with vermouth).

  8. Flue-gas desulfurization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flue-gas_desulfurization

    The G. G. Allen Steam Stationscrubber (North Carolina) Flue-gas desulfurization(FGD) is a set of technologies used to remove sulfur dioxide(SO2) from exhaust flue gases of fossil-fuel power plants, and from the emissions of other sulfur oxide emitting processes such as waste incineration, petroleum refineries, cement and lime kilns. Methods.

  9. Magnesium carbonate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium_carbonate

    Magnesium carbonate, Mg CO 3 (archaic name magnesia alba), is an inorganic salt that is a colourless or white solid. Several hydrated and basic forms of magnesium carbonate also exist as minerals .