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Nitric oxide synthases (EC 1.14.13.39) (NOSs) are a family of enzymes catalyzing the production of nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine. NO is an important cellular signaling molecule. It helps modulate vascular tone , insulin secretion, airway tone, and peristalsis , and is involved in angiogenesis and neural development.
Biological functions of nitric oxide are roles that nitric oxide plays within biology. Nitric oxide (nitrogen monoxide) is a molecule and chemical compound with chemical formula of N O . In mammals including humans, nitric oxide is a signaling molecule involved in several physiological and pathological processes. [ 1 ]
Peroxisome in rat neonatal cardiomyocyte. A peroxisome (IPA: [pɛɜˈɹɒksɪˌsoʊm]) [ 1 ] is a membrane-bound organelle, a type of microbody, found in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. [ 2 ][ 3 ] Peroxisomes are oxidative organelles. Frequently, molecular oxygen serves as a co-substrate, from which hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ...
The phytoglobin-nitric oxide cycle is a metabolic pathway induced in plants under hypoxic conditions which involves nitric oxide (NO) and phytoglobin (Pgb). [1] It provides an alternative type of respiration to mitochondrial electron transport under the conditions of limited oxygen supply. [2] Phytoglobin in hypoxic plants acts as part of a ...
Infobox references. Nitric oxide (nitrogen oxide or nitrogen monoxide[ 1 ]) is a colorless gas with the formula NO. It is one of the principal oxides of nitrogen. Nitric oxide is a free radical: it has an unpaired electron, which is sometimes denoted by a dot in its chemical formula (• N=O or • NO).
S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) is an endogenous S -nitrosothiol (SNO) that plays a critical role in nitric oxide (NO) signaling and is a source of bioavailable NO. NO coexists in cells with SNOs that serve as endogenous NO carriers and donors. SNOs spontaneously release NO at different rates and can be powerful terminators of free radical chain ...
From Novo and Parola, 2008. [1] Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are a family of antimicrobial molecules derived from nitric oxide (•NO) and superoxide (O 2•−) produced via the enzymatic activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) and NADPH oxidase respectively. NOS2 is expressed primarily in macrophages after induction by ...
Endothelial NOS (eNOS), also known as nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) or constitutive NOS (cNOS), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NOS3 gene located in the 7q35-7q36 region of chromosome 7. [ 5 ] This enzyme is one of three isoforms that synthesize nitric oxide (NO), a small gaseous and lipophilic molecule that participates in ...