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The line segments AB and CD are orthogonal to each other. In mathematics, orthogonality is the generalization of the geometric notion of perpendicularity.Whereas perpendicular is typically followed by to when relating two lines to one another (e.g., "line A is perpendicular to line B"), [1] orthogonal is commonly used without to (e.g., "orthogonal lines A and B").
In linear algebra, an orthogonal transformation is a linear transformation T : V → V on a real inner product space V, that preserves the inner product. That is, for each pair u, v of elements of V, we have [1] {\displaystyle \langle u,v\rangle =\langle Tu,Tv\rangle \,.} Since the lengths of vectors and the angles between them are defined ...
In mathematics, a linear map or linear function f (x) is a function that satisfies the two properties: [1] Additivity: f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y). Homogeneity of degree 1: f(αx) = α f(x) for all α. These properties are known as the superposition principle. In this definition, x is not necessarily a real number, but can in general be an element ...
The phrase "linear equation" takes its origin in this correspondence between lines and equations: a linear equation in two variables is an equation whose solutions form a line. If b ≠ 0, the line is the graph of the function of x that has been defined in the preceding section. If b = 0, the line is a vertical line (that is a line parallel to ...
Definition. [edit] A basisB of a vector space V over a field F (such as the real numbers R or the complex numbers C) is a linearly independent subset of V that spans V. This means that a subset B of V is a basis if it satisfies the two following conditions: linear independence.
e. In geometry, a straight line, usually abbreviated line, is an infinitely long object with no width, depth, or curvature, an idealization of such physical objects as a straightedge, a taut string, or a ray of light. Lines are spaces of dimension one, which may be embedded in spaces of dimension two, three, or higher.
In linear algebra, a linear function is a map f between two vector spaces such that. Here a denotes a constant belonging to some field K of scalars (for example, the real numbers) and x and y are elements of a vector space, which might be K itself. In other terms the linear function preserves vector addition and scalar multiplication.
Sometimes the term linear operator refers to this case, [1] but the term "linear operator" can have different meanings for different conventions: for example, it can be used to emphasize that and are real vector spaces (not necessarily with =), [citation needed] or it can be used to emphasize that is a function space, which is a common ...