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Margaret A. Wilcox (1838 – March 30, 1912) was an American mechanical engineer and inventor best recognized for her late-nineteenth-century discoveries. The automotive heating system, her most famous invention, established the foundation for modern vehicle temperature control. She also contributed to the development of home appliance technology.
t. e. A heat pump is a device that consumes work (or electricity) to transfer heat from a cold heat sink to a hot heat sink. Specifically, the heat pump transfers thermal energy using a refrigeration cycle, cooling the cool space and warming the warm space. [1] In cold weather, a heat pump can move heat from the cool outdoors to warm a house (e ...
1816 – Robert Stirling invented Stirling engine, a type of hot air engine. 1824 – Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot developed the Carnot cycle and the associated hypothetical Carnot heat engine that is the basic theoretical model for all heat engines. This gives the first early insight into the second law of thermodynamics.
A Stirling engine is a heat engine that is operated by the cyclic expansion and contraction of air or other gas (the working fluid) by exposing it to different temperatures, resulting in a net conversion of heat energy to mechanical work. [1] [2] More specifically, the Stirling engine is a closed-cycle regenerative heat engine, with a permanent ...
By placing heat exchangers at each side of the stack, heat can be moved. The opposite is possible as well: a temperature difference across the stack produces a sound wave. The first example is a heat pump, while the second is a prime mover. Heat pump. Creating or moving heat from a cold to a warm reservoir requires work.
A Stirling engine is a heat engine operating by cyclic compression and expansion of air or other gas, the "working fluid", at different temperature levels such that there is a net conversion of heat to mechanical work. [1] [2] The Stirling cycle heat engine can also be driven in reverse, using a mechanical energy input to drive heat transfer in ...
Electrical heaters are often used as backup or supplemental heat for heat pump systems. The heat pump gained popularity in the 1950s in Japan and the United States. Heat pumps can extract heat from various sources, such as environmental air, exhaust air from a building, or from the ground. Heat pumps transfer heat from outside the structure ...
These heat pumps are also preferred for pool heating. Heat pumps typically only heat water to about 55 °C (131 °F) efficiently, whereas boilers typically operate at 65–95 °C (149–203 °F) [citation needed]. The size of radiators designed for the higher temperatures achieved by boilers may be too small for use with heat pumps, requiring ...