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In the third edition of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-3), obstructive sleep apnea is classified amongst the sleep-related breathing disorders and is divided in two categories, namely adult OSA and pediatric OSA. [5] Obstructive sleep apnea is differentiated from central sleep apnea (CSA), which is characterized by ...
Symptoms of infantile apnea occur most frequently during the rapid eye movement (REM) stage of sleep. [4] The nature and severity of breathing problems in patients can be detected in a sleep study called a polysomnography which measures the brain waves, heartbeat, body movements and breathing of a patient overnight. [4]
Sleep apnea may be categorized as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), in which breathing is interrupted by a blockage of air flow, central sleep apnea (CSA), in which regular unconscious breath simply stops, or a combination of the two. [1] OSA is the most common form. [1]
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) disorders OSA, adult; OSA, pediatric; Central sleep apnea syndromes Central sleep apnea with Cheyne-Stokes breathing; Central sleep apnea due to a medical disorder without Cheyne-Stokes breathing; Central sleep apnea due to high altitude periodic breathing; Central sleep apnea due to a medication or substance
The respiratory disturbance index (RDI)—or respiratory distress Index—is a formula used in reporting polysomnography (sleep study) findings. Like the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), it reports on respiratory distress events during sleep, but unlike the AHI, it also includes respiratory-effort related arousals (RERAs). [1]
For instance, scores of 11–15 are shown to indicate the possibility of mild to moderate sleep apnea, where a score of 16 and above indicates the possibility of severe sleep apnea or narcolepsy. [3] Certain questions in the scale were shown to be better predictors of specific sleep disorders, though further tests may be required to provide an ...
The information includes sleep onset time, sleep latency, number of awakenings in a night, time in bed, daytime napping, sleep quality assessment, use of hypnotic agents, use of alcohol and cigarettes, and unusual events which may influence a person's sleep. Such a log is usually made for one or two weeks before visiting a somnologist.
Imaging studies may be performed if a patient is to be evaluated for neurodegenerative disease or to determine the obstruction in obstructive sleep apnea. [40] Sleep Questionnaires: There are some validated questionnaires in sleep medicine such as: Tayside children's sleep questionnaire: A ten-item questionnaire for sleep disorders in children ...