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Many variants of the 8051 include the standard 256 bytes of IRAM plus a few kilobytes of XRAM on the chip. The first 256 bytes of XRAM may be accessed using the MOVX A, @ R0, MOVX A, @ R1, MOVX @ R0, A, and MOVX @ R1, A instructions. The full 64 KB may be accessed using MOVX A, @ DPTR and MOVX @ DPTR, A. The 16-bit address requires the ...
Many object file formats consist of a set of tables, such as the relocation table, which are either stored on fixed positions in the file, like the a.out format, or are pointed to by the header, like the ELF format. The "sections", code, data area, etc., are stored as contiguous areas of bytes within such files.
FatFs is a lightweight software library for microcontrollers and embedded systems that implements FAT/exFAT file system support. [1] Written on pure ANSI C, FatFs is platform-independent and easy to port on many hardware platforms such as 8051, PIC, AVR, ARM, Z80.
Intel hexadecimal object file format, Intel hex format or Intellec Hex is a file format that conveys binary information in ASCII text form, [10] making it possible to store on non-binary media such as paper tape, punch cards, etc., to display on text terminals or be printed on line-oriented printers. [11]
The Z80 uses 252 out of the available 256 codes as single byte opcodes ("root instruction" most of which are inherited from the 8080); the four remaining codes are used extensively as opcode prefixes: [46] CB and ED enable extra instructions, and DD or FD select IX+d or IY+d respectively (in some cases without displacement d) in place of HL.
Files that contain machine-executable code and non-textual data typically contain all 256 possible eight-bit byte values. Many computer programs came to rely on this distinction between seven-bit text and eight-bit binary data, and would not function properly if non-ASCII characters appeared in data that was expected to include only ASCII text.
256–16384 bytes 256–4096 bytes The ATmega series features microcontrollers that provide an extended instruction set (multiply instructions and instructions for handling larger program memories), an extensive peripheral set, a solid amount of program memory, as well as a wide range of pins available.
The full 256 bytes was available on the expansion RAM. User programs could call subroutines in the monitor ROM for functions such as: serial in/out, CRLF, read keyboard, write display, time delay, convert binary to two-character hexadecimal etc. RAM 256 bytes expandable to 512 bytes with another 8155 RAM / 22 programmable IO lines.