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Langevin equation; Levy–Mises equations; Lindblad equation; Lorentz equation; Maxwell's equations; Maxwell's relations; Newton's laws of motion; Navier–Stokes equations; Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations; Prandtl–Reuss equations; Prony equation; Rankine–Hugoniot equation; Roothaan equations; Saha ionization equation; Sackur ...
For example, the shift of the phenol OH stretching frequency, Δχ, that occurs upon adduct formation has been analyzed using the following equation: Δχ = Ε A ∗ E B + C A ∗ C B + W ∗. where asterisks on the E A and C A for phenol indicate that the acceptor is held constant and the frequency shift is measured as the base is varied. The ...
A quadratic equation always has two roots, if complex roots are included and a double root is counted for two. A quadratic equation can be factored into an equivalent equation [ 3 ] a x 2 + b x + c = a ( x − r ) ( x − s ) = 0 {\displaystyle ax^{2}+bx+c=a(x-r)(x-s)=0} where r and s are the solutions for x .
A solution in radicals or algebraic solution is an expression of a solution of a polynomial equation that is algebraic, that is, relies only on addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, raising to integer powers, and extraction of n th roots (square roots, cube roots, etc.). A well-known example is the quadratic formula
Finding roots in a specific region of the complex plane, typically the real roots or the real roots in a given interval (for example, when roots represents a physical quantity, only the real positive ones are interesting). For finding one root, Newton's method and other general iterative methods work generally well.
The roots , of the quadratic polynomial () = + + satisfy + =, =. The first of these equations can be used to find the minimum (or maximum) of P ; see Quadratic equation § Vieta's formulas .
The rule states that if the nonzero terms of a single-variable polynomial with real coefficients are ordered by descending variable exponent, then the number of positive roots of the polynomial is either equal to the number of sign changes between consecutive (nonzero) coefficients, or is less than it by an even number.
Graham's law can also be used to find the approximate molecular weight of a gas if one gas is a known species, and if there is a specific ratio between the rates of two gases (such as in the previous example). The equation can be solved for the unknown molecular weight.