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Fluid friction describes the friction between layers of a viscous fluid that are moving relative to each other. [7] [8] Lubricated friction is a case of fluid friction where a lubricant fluid separates two solid surfaces. [9] [10] [11] Skin friction is a component of drag, the force resisting the motion of a fluid across the surface of a body.
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Jean Le Rond d'Alembert, Nouvelles expériences sur la résistance des fluides, 1777. In fluid dynamics, friction loss (or frictional loss) is the head loss that occurs in a containment such as a pipe or duct due to the effect of the fluid's viscosity near the surface of the containment.
Stiction (a portmanteau of the words static and friction) [1] is the force that needs to be overcome to enable relative motion of stationary objects in contact. [2] Any solid objects pressing against each other (but not sliding) will require some threshold of force parallel to the surface of contact in order to overcome static adhesion. [3]
The force of friction is independent of the apparent area of contact. (Amontons' 2nd law) Kinetic friction is independent of the sliding velocity. (Coulomb's law) The first and second laws, which were founded by Amontons, and the third law, which was founded by Coulomb later, are called the Amontons-Coulomb laws of friction.
Friction, a show on BBC Asian Network hosted by Bobby Friction; Friction, a type of market incompleteness; Friction, a concept introduced by Carl von Clausewitz to name how simple things become difficult in war because of misfortunes and mistakes; Friction, the codename of Charlotte Beck, a character in the Marvel Comics publication DP 7
This theory is exact for the situation of an infinite friction coefficient in which case the slip area vanishes, and is approximative for non-vanishing creepages. It does assume Coulomb's friction law, which more or less requires (scrupulously) clean surfaces. This theory is for massive bodies such as the railway wheel-rail contact.
Traction (mechanics), adhesive friction or force; Traction vector, in mechanics, the force per unit area on a surface, including normal and shear components; Traction motor, an electric motor used for propulsion of a vehicle, for example a car or a locomotive; Railway electric traction, the use of electric motors to propel rail cars