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Wood is a structural tissue/material found as xylem in the stems and roots of trees and other woody plants.It is an organic material – a natural composite of cellulosic fibers that are strong in tension and embedded in a matrix of lignin that resists compression.
The term secondary raw material denotes waste material that has been recycled and injected back into use as productive material. Lumber has a high potential to be used as a secondary raw material at various stages, as listed below: Recovery of branches and leaves for use as fertilisers
Masonite, also called Quartboard or pressboard, [2] is a type of engineered wood made of steam-cooked and pressure-molded wood or paper fibers. The fibers form a stiff, dense material in a range of weights. [3] The process was formulated and patented by William H. Mason. [4]
Wood science [1] is the scientific field which predominantly studies and investigates elements associated with the formation, the physical and chemical composition, and the macro- and microstructure of wood as a bio-based and lignocellulosic material.
A section of rosemary stem, an example of a woody plant, showing a typical wood structure. A woody plant is a plant that produces wood as its structural tissue and thus has a hard stem. [ 1 ] In cold climates, woody plants further survive winter or dry season above ground, as opposed to herbaceous plants that die back to the ground until spring .
There are several databases relating to wood anatomy. One of them, InsideWood, is an online resource and database for wood anatomy, serving as a reference, research, and teaching tool. [13] [14] This database was created by several international researchers, members of the IAWA, mostly botanists, biologists and wood scientists. [15]
As the name suggests, the wood from these trees is generally harder than that of softwoods, but there are significant exceptions. In both groups there is an enormous variation in actual wood hardness, with the range in density in hardwoods completely including that of softwoods; some hardwoods ( e.g. , balsa ) are softer than most softwoods ...
Until the 1990s, wood was the material of choice for deck construction. However, new products, composites, began to emerge at this time. These new products offered the look and workability of wood, but they were more water resistant and required less maintenance. Over time, these lower maintenance decking options increased in popularity.