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The lexical route is the process whereby skilled readers can recognize known words by sight alone, through a "dictionary" lookup procedure. [1] [4] According to this model, every word a reader has learned is represented in a mental database of words and their pronunciations that resembles a dictionary, or internal lexicon.
Writing systems are used to record human language, and may be classified according to certain common features.. The usual name of the script is given first; the name of the languages in which the script is written follows (in brackets), particularly in the case where the language name differs from the script name.
Lexical and structural agraphia are caused by damage to the orthographic memory; these individuals cannot visualize the spelling of a word, though they do retain the ability to sound them out. [2] This impaired spelling memory can imply the loss or degradation of the knowledge or just an inability to efficiently access it. [ 2 ]
Accent refers to a specific system of pronunciation. Idiolect refers to the variety that is used by an individual speaker. Register or style refer to a variety that is used in a particular setting or for a particular purpose. Standard language is a variety promoted by some social group, either officially or unofficially, as the preferred form.
Single-route models posit that lexical memory is used to store all spellings of words for retrieval in a single process. Dual-route models posit that lexical memory is employed to process irregular and high-frequency regular words, while low-frequency regular words and nonwords are processed using a sub-lexical set of phonological rules. [207]
As a result, there is a somewhat regular system of pronouncing "foreign" words in English, [citation needed] and some borrowed words have had their spelling changed to conform to this system. For example, Hindu used to be spelled Hindoo, and the name Maria used to be pronounced like the name Mariah, but was changed to conform to this system ...
So whether the sound [k] is written with the letters "c" or "k" in ITA depends on the way the sound is written in standard English spelling, as also whether the sound [z] is written with the ordinary "z" letter or with a special backwards "z" letter (which replaces the "s" of standard spelling where it represents a voiced sound, and which ...
Lexical meaning is not limited to a single form of a word, but rather what the word denotes as a base word. For example, the verb to walk can become walks , walked , and walking – each word has a different grammatical meaning, but the same lexical meaning ("to move one's feet at a regular pace").