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Mustard gas or sulfur mustard are names commonly used for the organosulfur chemical compound bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide, which has the chemical structure S(CH 2 CH 2 Cl) 2, as well as other species. In the wider sense, compounds with the substituents −SCH 2 CH 2 X or −N(CH 2 CH 2 X) 2 are known as sulfur mustards or nitrogen mustards ...
The proportion of mustard gas fatalities to total casualties was low; 2% of mustard gas casualties died and many of these succumbed to secondary infections rather than the gas itself. Once it was introduced at the third battle of Ypres, mustard gas produced 90% of all British gas casualties and 14% of battle casualties of any type.
The chlorine gas, reacting with the moisture in their lungs, had formed hydrochloric acid, which was slowly dissolving their organs. The Germans fled from the second-line trench network in a mass panic and broke ranks with such haste they were entangled in their own barbed wire traps while under Russian attack, resulting in many casualties.
Yellow Cross (Gelbkreuz) is a World War I chemical warfare agent usually based on mustard gas (sulfur mustard, HS, Yperite, Lost). The original Gelbkreuz was a composition of 80–90% of sulfur mustard and 10–20% of tetrachloromethane or chlorobenzene as a solvent which lowered its viscosity and acted as an antifreeze , or, alternatively, 80% ...
This was about 4% of the total chemical weapons produced for that war and only just over 1% of the era's most effective weapon, mustard gas. (U.S. troops suffered less than 6% of gas casualties.) [3] The U.S. also established the First Gas Regiment, which left Washington, D.C., on Christmas Day, 1917, and arrived at the front in May 1918. [2]
By the end of the war, poison-gas use had become widespread on both sides. By 1918, a quarter of artillery shells were filled with gas and Britain had produced around 25,400 tons of toxic chemicals. Britain used a range of poison gases, initially chlorine and later phosgene, diphosgene and mustard gas.
The painting provides a powerful testimony of the effects of chemical weapons, vividly described in Wilfred Owen's poem Dulce et Decorum Est (although his poem describes the effects of chlorine gas). [1] Mustard gas is a persistent vesicant gas, with effects that only become apparent several hours after exposure. It attacks the skin, the eyes ...
[5] [6] By November 1918, Chittening had produced 85,424 mustard gas shells. [4] The human cost of producing mustard gas was high. In December 1918 the chemical plant's medical officer reported that in the six months it was operational, there were 1,400 illnesses reported by its 1,100 mostly female workers – all medically attributable to ...