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The Ramayana (/ r ɑː ˈ m ɑː j ə n ə /; [1] [2] Sanskrit: रामायणम्, romanized: Rāmāyaṇam [3]), also known as Valmiki Ramayana, as traditionally attributed to Valmiki, is a smriti text (also described as a Sanskrit epic) from ancient India, one of the two important epics of Hinduism known as the Itihasas, the other ...
Gujarat - The Tulsi-Krta Ramayana is a Gujarati adaptation of Tulsidas' Ramcharitamanas in the 17th century, by the poet Premanand Swami. The Giradhara Ramayana is also a prominent retelling of Ramayana in Gujarati by the 18th-century poet Giradhara Gosvami. Jammu and Kashmir – The Kashmiri Ramavatara Charita was written in the 19th century.
According to the Hindu belief, the events of the Ramayana took place in the Treta Yuga.. Treta Yuga (IAST: Tretā-yuga) (Devanagari: त्रेतायुग), in Hinduism, is the second and second-best of the four yugas (world ages) in a Yuga Cycle, preceded by Krita (Satya) Yuga and followed by Dvapara Yuga.
The Ramayana is a Sanskrit text, while Ramacharitamanasa retells the Ramayana in Awadhi, [121] commonly understood in northern India by speakers of the several Hindi languages. [ 122 ] [ 123 ] [ 124 ] Ramacharitamanasa was composed in the 16th century by Tulsidas .
The Ramayana is composed of about 480,002 words, being a quarter of the length of the full text of the Mahabharata or about four times the length of the Iliad. The Ramayana tells the story of a prince, Rama of the city of Ayodhya in the Kingdom of Kosala, whose wife Sita is abducted by Ravana, the demon-king of Lanka.
The Mahabharata, Ramayana and the Puranas contain genealogies of kings, [15] which are used for the traditional chronology of India's ancient history. Ludo Rocher in his book "The Puranas" (1986) provides a long list of chronological calculations based on Puranic lists with a warning that they are "often highly imaginative". [16]
Hindu scriptures are traditionally classified into two parts: śruti, meaning "what has been heard" (originally transmitted orally) and Smriti, meaning "what has been retained or remembered" (originally written, and attributed to individual authors).
It is believed that the four yugas—Krita (Satya), Treta, Dvapara, and Kali—are named after throws of an Indian game of long dice, marked with 4-3-2-1 respectively. [5] A dice game is described in the Rigveda , Atharvaveda , Upanishads , Ramayana , Mahabharata , and Puranas , while the four yugas are described after the four Vedas with no ...