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  2. Optical path length - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_path_length

    An electromagnetic wave propagating along a path C has the phase shift over C as if it was propagating a path in a vacuum, length of which, is equal to the optical path length of C. Thus, if a wave is traveling through several different media, then the optical path length of each medium can be added to find the total optical path length. The ...

  3. Fermat's principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermat's_principle

    Now let us define the optical length of a given path (optical path length, OPL) as the distance traversed by a ray in a homogeneous isotropic reference medium (e.g., a vacuum) in the same time that it takes to traverse the given path at the local ray velocity. [24]

  4. Optical path - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_path

    Optical path (OP) is the trajectory that a light ray follows as it propagates through an optical medium. The geometrical optical-path length or simply geometrical path length ( GPD ) is the length of a segment in a given OP, i.e., the Euclidean distance integrated along a ray between any two points. [ 1 ]

  5. Snell's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snell's_law

    Snell's law can be derived from Fermat's principle, which states that the light travels the path which takes the least time. By taking the derivative of the optical path length, the stationary point is found giving the path taken by the light. (There are situations of light violating Fermat's principle by not taking the least time path, as in ...

  6. Ray tracing (physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_tracing_(physics)

    The optical path length from the light source is used to compute the phase. The derivative of the position of the ray in the focal region on the source position is used to obtain the width of the ray, and from that the amplitude of the plane wave. The result is the point spread function, whose Fourier transform is the optical transfer function.

  7. Refractive index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_index

    Optical path length (OPL) is the product of the geometric length d of the path light follows through a system, and the index of refraction of the medium through which it propagates, [40] =. This is an important concept in optics because it determines the phase of the light and governs interference and diffraction of light as it propagates.

  8. Hamiltonian optics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamiltonian_optics

    Optical path length. for curve segment AB the optical momentum p is perpendicular to a displacement ds along curve AB, or =. The same is true for segment CD. For segment BC the optical momentum p has the same direction as displacement ds and =.

  9. Gladstone–Dale relation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gladstone–Dale_relation

    The Gladstone–Dale term (n − 1) is the non-linear optical path length or time delay. Using Isaac Newton 's theory of light as a stream of particles refracted locally by (electric) forces acting between atoms, the optic path length is due to refraction at constant speed by displacement about each atom.