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A kinetic bombardment or a kinetic orbital strike is the hypothetical act of attacking a planetary surface with an inert kinetic projectile from orbit (orbital bombardment), where the destructive power comes from the kinetic energy of the projectile impacting at very high speeds.
Kinetic energy is a function of mass and the velocity of an object. [1] For a kinetic energy weapon in the aerospace field, both objects are moving and it is the relative velocity that is important.
The concept of a gravitational slingshot is a form of propulsion to carry a space probe onward to other destinations without the expense of reaction mass; harnessing the gravitational energy of other celestial objects allows the spacecraft to gain kinetic energy. [79]
The International Space Station has an orbital period of 91.74 minutes (5504 s), hence by Kepler's Third Law the semi-major axis of its orbit is 6,738 km. [citation needed] The specific orbital energy associated with this orbit is −29.6 MJ/kg: the potential energy is −59.2 MJ/kg, and the kinetic energy 29.6 MJ/kg.
In the center of mass frame the kinetic energy is the lowest and the total energy becomes = ˙ + The coordinates x 1 and x 2 can be expressed as = = and in a similar way the energy E is related to the energies E 1 and E 2 that separately contain the kinetic energy of each body: = = ˙ + = = ˙ + = +
Orbital kinetic energy of the International Space Station (417 tonnes [169] at 7.7 km/s [170]) [171] 1.20×10 13 J Orbital kinetic energy of the Parker Solar Probe as it dives deep into the Sun's gravity well in December 2024, reaching a peak velocity of 430,000 mph. [172] [173] [174] 6.3×10 13 J
Kinetic energy is the movement energy of an object. Kinetic energy can be transferred between objects and transformed into other kinds of energy. [10] Kinetic energy may be best understood by examples that demonstrate how it is transformed to and from other forms of energy.
By the conservation of mechanical energy, the energy of the orbit is simply the sum of kinetic and gravitational potential energies, in an unperturbed two-body orbit.By substituting the vis-viva equation into the kinetic energy component, the orbital energy of a circular orbit is given by: