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Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), also known as polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells, are a type of fuel cell being developed mainly for transport applications, as well as for stationary fuel-cell applications and portable fuel-cell applications. Their distinguishing features include lower temperature/pressure ranges (50 to ...
The HT-PEM fuel cell was developed in 1995 for operation at higher cell temperatures aiming at lower sensitivity of PEM fuel cells regarding impurities. [3] Thus HT-PEM fuel cell technology is one of the youngest fuel cell types and HT-PEM fuel cell systems have been produced since the early 21st century by several companies.
One example of RFC is solid oxide regenerative fuel cell. Solid oxide fuel cell operates at high temperatures with high fuel-to-electricity conversion ratios and it is a good candidate for high temperature electrolysis. [7] Less electricity is required for electrolysis process in solid oxide regenerative fuel cells (SORFC) due to high temperature.
These fuel cells have a wide variety of commercial and military applications including in the aerospace, automotive, and energy industries. [9] [16] Early PEM fuel cell applications were focused within the aerospace industry. The then-higher capacity of fuel cells compared to batteries made them ideal as NASA's Project Gemini began to target ...
File information Description Description of the various losses associated with the operation of a PEM electrolysis cell Source I wrote the computer simulation that generates such plots. Date 2013.05.28 Author Davidlfritz. Permission (Reusing this file) See below.
Ruthenium and platinum are often used together, if carbon monoxide (CO) is a product of the electro-chemical reaction as CO poisons the PEM and impacts the efficiency of the fuel cell. Due to the high cost of these and other similar materials, research is being undertaken to develop catalysts that use lower cost materials as the high costs are ...
Direct methanol fuel cells or DMFCs are a subcategory of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells in which methanol is used as the fuel and a special proton-conducting polymer as the membrane (PEM). Their main advantage is low temperature operation and the ease of transport of methanol, an energy-dense yet reasonably stable liquid at all ...
Stationary fuel cell applications is a classification in FC hydrogen codes and standards and fuel cell codes and standards. The other main standards are Portable fuel cell applications and Fuel cell vehicle. Fuel cell gas appliances up to 70 kW; Installation permitting guidance for hydrogen and fuel cells stationary applications