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In population genetics, extensive research has been done on the genetic origins of modern Japanese people. Genetically, Japanese people mainly descended from the Yayoi people , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] the heterogeneous Jōmon population , [ 3 ] [ 4 ] and the recently proposed, but mildly debated Kofun period influx.
The Kofun period (古墳時代, Kofun jidai) is an era in the history of Japan from about 300 to 538 AD (the date of the introduction of Buddhism), following the Yayoi period. The Kofun and the subsequent Asuka periods are sometimes collectively called the Yamato period .
The term "Toraijin" usually encompasses the Jōmon period, Yayoi period, Kofun period, and the Asuka period, therefore is considered too broad to be condensed into a single name or a group, genetically. For scientific analysis of the Japanese people's ancestry, see Genetic and anthropometric studies on Japanese people.
Kofun were mainly constructed in the Japanese archipelago between the middle of the 3rd century to the early 7th century AD. [1] The term is the origin of the name of the Kofun period, which indicates the middle 3rd century to early–middle 6th century. Many kofun have distinctive keyhole-shaped mounds (zempō-kōen fun (前方後円墳)).
Jōmon (縄文, Jōmon), sometimes written as Jomon (American English /ˈdʒoʊˌmɑːn/ JOH-mahn, British English /ˈdʒəʊmɒn/ JOH-mon), [11] literally meaning "cord-marked" or "cord pattern," is a Japanese word coined by American zoologist, archaeologist, and orientalist Edward S. Morse in his book Shell Mounds of Omori (1879) which he wrote after he discovered sherds of cord-marked ...
During the Kofun period, it is said that migrant groups from China came to Japan and settled on the island, bringing with them various cultural advances and centralized leadership. [3] The migrants who came to Japan during the Kofun period appear to have had ancestry that mainly resembles the ancestry of the Han Chinese population of China.
This idea began with finding Kara-styled bronzewares and shipwreck remains on the coasts of the Korean peninsula, [29] prompting some historians to suggest that there was a group of seafaring people who entered Japan via Korea from the seas during the Yayoi period.
According to the researchers, Japanese people have approximately 13% and 16% genetic ancestry from these two groups, respectively. The remaining 71% of genetic ancestry was found to come from migrants that arrived around 300 AD during the Kofun period, and had genetic makeup mainly resembling the modern Han Chinese population. This migrant ...