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Pakistan is a multilingual country with over 70 languages spoken as first languages. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The majority of Pakistan's languages belong to the Indo-Iranian group of the Indo-European language family .
Although the first known text by native speakers dates to 1885, the first record of the language is a list of words recorded in 1793 by Alexander MacKenzie. 1885: Motu: grammar by W.G. Lawes: 1886: Guugu Yimidhirr: notes by Johann Flierl, Wilhelm Poland and Georg Schwarz, culminating in Walter Roth's The Structure of the Koko Yimidir Language ...
Urdu is the sole national, and one of the two official languages of Pakistan (along with English). [103] It is spoken and understood throughout the country, whereas the state-by-state languages (languages spoken throughout various regions) are the provincial languages, although only 7.57% of Pakistanis speak Urdu as their first language. [162]
Liaquat Ali Khan, first Prime Minister of Pakistan, alongside U.S President Harry Truman. The same year, Jinnah declared Urdu as official language of Pakistan. [89] It sparked protests in East Pakistan (formerly East Bengal), where Bengali was spoken by most of the population.
The earliest known human remains in Pakistan are dated between 5000 BCE and 3000 BCE. [4] By around 7000 BCE, early human settlements began to emerge in Pakistan, leading to the development of urban centres such as Mehrgarh, one of the oldest in human history.
Pakistan is a linguistically diverse country; it has many dozens of languages spoken as first languages. [ 24 ] [ 25 ] The major languages of Pakistan broadly fall under the category Indo-Iranian languages , with western regions of Pakistan speaking Iranic languages , and eastern regions speaking Indo-Aryan languages ; with the Indus River ...
In Pakistan, Sindhi is the first language of 30.26 million people, or 14.6% of the country's population as of the 2017 census. 29.5 million of these are found in Sindh, where they account for 62% of the total population of the province.
In Pakistan, Pashto is the first language around of 15% of its population (per the 1998 census). [48] However, Urdu and English are the two official languages of Pakistan. Pashto has no official status at the federal level. On a provincial level, Pashto is the regional language of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and north Balochistan. [49]