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The outcome measure generated by hearing protector fit-test systems varies from a simple pass/fail to a quantitative personal attenuation rating (PAR). and can be interpreted differently to determine the effectiveness of hearing protection or calculate total noise exposure.
The attenuation in the signal of ground motion intensity plays an important role in the assessment of possible strong groundshaking. A seismic wave loses energy as it propagates through the earth (seismic attenuation). This phenomenon is tied into the dispersion of the seismic energy with the distance. There are two types of dissipated energy:
Mechanical index (MI) is a unitless ultrasound metric. It is defined as [1] =, where P r is the peak rarefaction pressure of the ultrasound wave (), derated by an attenuation factor to account for in-tissue acoustic attenuation
Interaural attenuation with bone conduction. When sound is applied to one ear the contralateral cochlea can also be stimulated to varying degrees, via vibrations through the bone of the skull. When the stimuli presented to the test ear stimulates the cochlea of the non-test ear, this is known as cross hearing. Whenever it is suspected that ...
The acoustic reflex (also known as the stapedius reflex, [1] stapedial reflex, [2] auditory reflex, [3] middle-ear-muscle reflex (MEM reflex, MEMR), [4] attenuation reflex, [5] cochleostapedial reflex [6] or intra-aural reflex [6]) is an involuntary muscle contraction that occurs in the middle ear in response to loud sound stimuli or when the person starts to vocalize.
The "ceiling effect" is one type of scale attenuation effect; [1] the other scale attenuation effect is the "floor effect".The ceiling effect is observed when an independent variable no longer has an effect on a dependent variable, or the level above which variance in an independent variable is no longer measurable. [2]
Abbreviation Meaning q: each, every (from Latin quaque) : q15: every 15 minutes q6h q6° once every 6 hours q2wk: once every 2 weeks qAc Before every meal (from Latin quaque ante cibum)
A medical radiographic exposure is always initiated by a human operator but an AEC detector system may be used to terminate the exposure when a predetermined amount of radiation has been received. [1] The intention of AEC is to provide consistent x-ray image exposure, whether to film, a digital detector or a CT scanner.