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  2. Casting out nines - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casting_out_nines

    Since we are adding 1 to the tens digit and subtracting one from the units digit, the sum of the digits should remain the same. For example, 9 + 2 = 11 with 1 + 1 = 2. When adding 9 to itself, we would thus expect the sum of the digits to be 9 as follows: 9 + 9 = 18, (1 + 8 = 9) and 9 + 9 + 9 = 27, (2 + 7 = 9).

  3. Plus and minus signs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plus_and_minus_signs

    The subtraction operator: a binary operator to indicate the operation of subtraction, as in 5 − 3 = 2. Subtraction is the inverse of addition. [1] The function whose value for any real or complex argument is the additive inverse of that argument. For example, if x = 3, then −x = −3, but if x = −3, then −x = +3. Similarly, −(−x) = x.

  4. Addition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addition

    Subtraction is itself a sort of inverse to addition, in that adding x and subtracting x are inverse functions. Given a set with an addition operation, one cannot always define a corresponding subtraction operation on that set; the set of natural numbers is a simple example.

  5. Order of operations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_operations

    If each subtraction is replaced with addition of the opposite (additive inverse), then the associative and commutative laws of addition allow terms to be added in any order. The radical symbol ⁠ t {\displaystyle {\sqrt {\vphantom {t}}}} ⁠ is traditionally extended by a bar (called vinculum ) over the radicand (this avoids the need for ...

  6. Elementary arithmetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_arithmetic

    A subtraction problem such as is solved by borrowing a 10 from the tens place to add to the ones place in order to facilitate the subtraction. Subtracting 9 from 6 involves borrowing a 10 from the tens place, making the problem into +. This is indicated by crossing out the 8, writing a 7 above it, and writing a 1 above the 6.

  7. Chisanbop - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chisanbop

    The Chisanbop system. When a finger is touching the table, it contributes its corresponding number to a total. Chisanbop or chisenbop (from Korean chi (ji) finger + sanpŏp (sanbeop) calculation [1] 지산법/指算法), sometimes called Fingermath, [2] is a finger counting method used to perform basic mathematical operations.

  8. Slide rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slide_rule

    linear scale used for addition, subtraction, and (along with the C and D scales) for finding base-10 logarithms and powers of 10 LL0N (or LL/N) and LLN log-log folded e − x {\displaystyle e^{-x}} and e x {\displaystyle e^{x}} scales, for working with logarithms of any base and arbitrary exponents. 4, 6, or 8 scales of this type are commonly seen.

  9. Carry (arithmetic) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carry_(arithmetic)

    The same carry bit is also generally used to indicate borrows in subtraction, though the bit's meaning is inverted due to the effects of two's complement arithmetic. Normally, a carry bit value of "1" signifies that an addition overflowed the ALU, and must be accounted for when adding data words of lengths greater than that of the CPU. For ...