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One GGE of natural gas is 126.67 cubic feet (3.587 m 3) at standard conditions. This volume of natural gas has the same energy content as one US gallon of gasoline (based on lower heating values: 900 BTU/cu ft (9.3 kWh/m 3) of natural gas and 114,000 BTU/US gal (8.8 kWh/L) for gasoline). [22]
Compressed natural gas (CNG) is a fuel gas mainly composed of methane (CH 4), compressed to less than 1% of the volume it occupies at standard atmospheric pressure.It is stored and distributed in hard containers at a pressure of 20–25 megapascals (2,900–3,600 psi; 200–250 bar), usually in cylindrical or spherical shapes.
Methane, the main component of natural gas, has an autoignition temperature of 580 °C, [48] whereas gasoline and diesel autoignite at approximately 250 °C and 210 °C respectively. With a compressed natural gas (CNG) engine, the mixing of the fuel and the air is more effective since gases typically mix well in a short period of time.
The compression ratio may be higher in engines running exclusively on liquefied petroleum gas (LPG or "propane autogas") or compressed natural gas, due to the higher octane rating of these fuels. Kerosene engines typically use a compression ratio of 6.5 or lower.
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Typically, natural gas powered engines require 35–39 MJ/m 3 (950–1,050 BTU/cu ft) natural gas to operate at the rotational name plate specifications. [79] Several methods are used to remove these higher molecular weighted gases for use by the natural gas engine. A few technologies are as follows: Joule–Thomson skid; Cryogenic or chiller ...
Gas engines that run on natural gas typically have a thermal efficiency between 35-45% (LHV basis)., [12] As of year 2018, the best engines can achieve a thermal efficiency up to 50% (LHV basis). [13] These gas engines are usually medium-speed engines Bergen Engines Fuel energy arises at the output shaft, the remainder appears as waste heat. [8]
HCNG or H2CNG (hydrogen compressed natural gas) is a mixture of compressed natural gas and 4–9 percent hydrogen by energy. [1] It may be used as a fuel gas for internal combustion engines [2] [3] [4] and home appliances. (regarding the acronyms in the above emissions chart: AVL = Average Levels? CNG = Compressed Natural Gas HCNG = Hydrogen ...