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North Vietnam's General Giáp suggested that the DESOTO patrol had been sent into the gulf to provoke North Vietnam into giving the U.S. an excuse for escalation of the war. [51] Various government officials and men aboard Maddox have suggested similar theories. [51]
Lyndon Johnson. National Security Action Memorandum 273 (NSAM-273) was approved by new United States President Lyndon Johnson on November 26, 1963, one day after former President John F. Kennedy's funeral. NSAM-273 resulted from the need to reassess U.S. policy toward the Vietnam War following the overthrow and assassination of President Ngo ...
6 Gulf of Tonkin and Johnson's escalation, 1963–1969. ... The Vietnam War (1 November 1955 [A 1] – 30 April 1975) was an armed conflict in Vietnam, ...
Our Vietnam The War 1954-1975. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0743212312. Moise, Edwin E. (1996). Tonkin Gulf and the Escalation of the Vietnam War. The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-2300-7. "Excerpts from McNamara's Testimony on Tonkin". The New York Times. February 25, 1968. "Gulf of Tonkin Measure Voted In Haste and Confusion in 1964".
Rejecting the advice of those who favored an immediate and dramatic escalation of the U.S. role in Vietnam, Johnson waited until early-1965 before authorizing a major bombing campaign of North Vietnam. [19] The subsequent eight-week bombing campaign had little apparent effect on the overall course of the war. [20]
Crosswinds: The Air Force's setup in Vietnam. Dallas: Second Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 978-1-60344-126-1. Traas, Adrian G. (2001). Engineers at war. Washington, D.C.: US Army Center of Military History. ISBN 978-0-16-084185-9. Van de Mark, Brian (1995). Into the quagmire: Lyndon Johnson and the escalation of the Vietnam War. New York ...
A U.S. government depiction of the military situation in South Vietnam in early 1964. 2 January. United States Marine Corps (USMC) Major General Victor H. Krulak, along with a committee of experts asked to advise on the war, submitted a recommendation to President Johnson for a three phase series of covert actions against North Vietnam.
During the Cold War in the 1960s, the United States and South Vietnam began a period of gradual escalation and direct intervention referred to as the "Americanization" of joint warfare in South Vietnam during the Vietnam War. At the start of the decade, United States aid to South Vietnam consisted largely of supplies with approximately 900 ...