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The CIDR notation 0.0.0.0 / 0 defines an IP block containing all possible IP addresses. It is commonly used in routing to depict the default route as a destination subnet. It matches all addresses in the IPv4 address space and is present on most hosts, directed towards a local router. [10]
The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has reserved the IPv4 address block 169.254.0.0 / 16 (169.254.0.0 – 169.254.255.255) for link-local addressing. [1] The entire range may be used for this purpose, except for the first 256 and last 256 addresses (169.254.0.0 / 24 and 169.254.255.0 / 24), which are reserved for future use and must not be selected by a host using this dynamic ...
The Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution (LLMNR) is a protocol based on the Domain Name System (DNS) packet format that allows both IPv4 and IPv6 hosts to perform name resolution for hosts on the same local link. It is included in Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 10. [1]
IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses which limits the address space to 4 294 967 296 (2 32) addresses. IPv4 reserves special address blocks for private networks (2 24 + 2 20 + 2 16 ≈ 18 million addresses) and multicast addresses (2 28 ≈ 268 million addresses).
Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) was the first standalone specification for the IP address, and has been in use since 1983. [2] IPv4 addresses are defined as a 32-bit number, which became too small to provide enough addresses as the internet grew, leading to IPv4 address exhaustion over the 2010s.
Used for link-local addresses [5] between two hosts on a single link when no IP address is otherwise specified, such as would have normally been retrieved from a DHCP server 172.16.0.0/12 172.16.0.0–172.31.255.255
More commonly addresses are assigned by a DHCP server, often built into common networking hardware like computer hosts or routers. Most IPv4 hosts use link-local addressing only as a last resort when a DHCP server is unavailable. An IPv4 host otherwise uses its DHCP-assigned address for all communications, global or link-local.
The device to which the default route points is often called the default gateway, and it often carries out other functions such as packet filtering, firewalling, or proxy server operations. The default route in Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) is designated as the zero address, 0.0.0.0 / 0 in CIDR notation. [2]