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In 19th- and early 20th-century England the close supervision exercised by mistresses over their servants (including the rule "no followers", "followers" being any men whom the servant might wish to meet when she was not working) was a great disadvantage.
In the great houses of the eighteenth, nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the housekeeper could be a woman of considerable power in the domestic arena. [citation needed] The housekeeper of times past had her room (or rooms) cleaned by junior staff, her meals prepared and laundry taken care of, and with the butler presided over dinner in the Servants' Hall.
As the end of the nineteenth century neared, the relationship between employer and servant grew more and more distant and they were less loyal. [5] At the end of the nineteenth century, there was a decline in the want for maids and other servants entirely, which has led to today when the majority of people don’t have maids. [12]
The Cult of Domesticity affected married women's labor market participation in the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. [27] " True Women" were supposed to devote themselves to unpaid domestic labor and refrain from paid, market-oriented work.
Along with the junior kitchen-maid, the scullery maid did not eat at the communal servants' dining hall table, but in the kitchen in order to keep an eye on the food that was still cooking. [ 3 ] Duties of the scullery maid included the most physical and demanding tasks in the kitchen [ 1 ] such as cleaning and scouring the floor, stoves, sinks ...
Meanwhile, 90 per cent of Black working women in the late 19th century were employed in domestic service. By 1900, more than one million women were working as domestic servants.
Gradually, throughout the 19th century and particularly the Victorian era, as the number of butlers and other domestic servants greatly increased in various countries, the butler became a senior male servant of a household's staff.
Chapters 60 to 68 guide on matters from trussing poultry to the definitions of culinary terms, arranging meals, decorating the table, making menus, and the duties of domestic servants. [20] Chapters 69 to 73 describe "household recipes" and medical preparations. [21] The final chapter, 74, offers "legal memoranda". [22] There is a detailed index.