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Microscopic view of a histologic specimen of human lung tissue stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Haematoxylin and eosin staining is frequently used in histology to examine thin tissue sections. [10] Haematoxylin stains cell nuclei blue, while eosin stains cytoplasm, connective tissue and other extracellular substances pink or red. [10]
In microscopy, negative staining is an established method, often used in diagnostic microscopy, for contrasting a thin specimen with an optically opaque fluid. In this technique, the background is stained, leaving the actual specimen untouched, and thus visible. This contrasts with positive staining, in which the actual specimen is stained.
Giemsa's solution is a mixture of methylene blue, eosin, and Azure B.The stain is usually prepared from commercially available Giemsa powder. A thin film of the specimen on a microscope slide is fixed in pure methanol for 30 seconds, by immersing it or by putting a few drops of methanol on the slide.
The H&E staining procedure is the principal stain in histology [3] [7] [2] [5] in part because it can be done quickly, [7] is not expensive, and stains tissues in such a way that a considerable amount of microscopic anatomy [9] [10] is revealed, [7] [5] [4] and can be used to diagnose a wide range of histopathologic conditions. [8]
But, with the advent of immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and diagnostic molecular pathology testing on these specimen samples, formalin has become the standard chemical fixative in human diagnostic histopathology. Fixation times for very small specimens are shorter, and standards exist in human diagnostic histopathology.
The Ziehl-Neelsen stain, also known as the acid-fast stain, is a bacteriological staining technique used in cytopathology and microbiology to identify acid-fast bacteria under microscopy, particularly members of the Mycobacterium genus.
Pap staining is used to differentiate cells in smear preparations (in which samples are spread or smeared onto a glass microscope slide) [6] from various bodily secretions and needle biopsies; the specimens may include gynecological smears (), sputum, brushings, washings, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, [4] abdominal fluid, pleural fluid, synovial fluid, seminal fluid, [7] fine needle aspirations ...
These stains allow for the detection of white blood cell, red blood cell, and platelet abnormalities. Hematopathologists often use other specialized stains to aid in the differential diagnosis of blood disorders. [citation needed] After staining, the monolayer is viewed under a microscope using magnification up to 1000 times.