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Neonatal hypothyroidism has been reported in cases of infants exposed to lithium, a mood stabilizer used to treat bipolar disorder, in utero. [4] In some instances, hypothyroidism detected by screening may be transient. One common cause of this is the presence of maternal antibodies that temporarily impair thyroid function for several weeks. [5]
[8] [49] Subclinical hypothyroidism is estimated to affect approximately 2% of children; in adults, subclinical hypothyroidism is more common in the elderly, and in White people. [48] There is a much higher rate of thyroid disorders, the most common of which is hypothyroidism, in individuals with Down syndrome [ 29 ] [ 61 ] and Turner syndrome .
Certain medications can have the unintended side effect of affecting thyroid function. While some medications can lead to significant hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism and those at risk will need to be carefully monitored, some medications may affect thyroid hormone lab tests without causing any symptoms or clinical changes, and may not require treatment.
Congenital iodine deficiency syndrome (CIDS), also called cretinism, [2] is a medical condition present at birth marked by impaired physical and mental development, due to insufficient thyroid hormone production (hypothyroidism) often caused by insufficient dietary iodine during pregnancy.
Thyroid dysgenesis is a cause of congenital hypothyroidism [1] where the thyroid is missing (thyroid agenesis), ectopic, or severely underdeveloped.It should not be confused with iodine deficiency, or with other forms of congenital hypothyroidism, such as thyroid dyshormonogenesis, where the thyroid is present but not functioning correctly.
Both NTIS and primary hypothyroidism may have reduced fT3 and fT4, and elevated TSH (which is common in the hospital, during the recovery phase of NTIS). [2] Prescribing thyroxine to treat this may lead to lifelong thyroid overtreatment. [2] Hyperthyroidism may be assumed due to decreased TSH and a transient fT4 increase.
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The severity of these symptoms are determined by the period of hypothyroidism and the degree of deficiency of thyroid hormones. [10] It may also include macroglossia. [11] EMG is either normal or may show myopathic low amplitude and short duration motor unit action potentials (MUAPS). [12] The enzymes creatine kinase is elevated usually.
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