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Phenylalanine is a precursor for tyrosine, the monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and epinephrine (adrenaline), and the biological pigment melanin. It is encoded by the messenger RNA codons UUU and UUC. Phenylalanine is found naturally in the milk of mammals.
Phenylalanine is a large, neutral amino acid (LNAA). LNAAs compete for transport across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) via the large neutral amino acid transporter (LNAAT). If phenylalanine is in excess in the blood, it will saturate the transporter. Excessive levels of phenylalanine tend to decrease the levels of other LNAAs in the brain.
Standard phenylalanine concentrations in unaffected persons are about 2-6mg/dl (120–360 μmol/L) phenylalanine concentrations in those with untreated hyperphenylalaninemia can be up to 20 mg/dL (1200 μmol/L). Measurable IQ deficits are often detected as phenylalanine levels approach 10 mg/dL (600 mol/L).
Tyrosine, which can also be synthesized in the body from phenylalanine, is found in many high-protein food products such as meat, fish, cheese, cottage cheese, milk, yogurt, peanuts, almonds, pumpkin seeds, sesame seeds, soy protein and lima beans.
Lactoylphenylalanine, or Lac-Phe, is a metabolite generated by intense exercise. [1] [2] [3] In mice, high levels of Lac-Phe in the blood cause a decrease of food intake [1] and in humans, its production has been shown to correlate with adipose tissue loss during an endurance exercise intervention. [4]
Raw milk is milk that has not gone through the pasteurization process, which is a key food safety step that applies heat in order to kill microorganisms that can cause disease, says Meghan Davis ...
Diet can help with constipation, eating more fiber and fewer high-fat foods. These are the most effective foods at relieving constipation, a dietitian says.
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