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In computing, redirection is a form of interprocess communication, and is a function common to most command-line interpreters, including the various Unix shells that can redirect standard streams to user-specified locations. The concept of redirection is quite old, dating back to the earliest operating systems (OS).
PDF import via software, or extensions. Apache PDFBox: Apache License 2.0: Yes Yes Unix Yes Converts PDF to other file format (text, images, html). Collabora Online: MPLv2.0: Yes Yes Yes Android, iOS, iPadOS, ChromeOS and Online Yes Yes Import from PDF, export as PDF including PDF/A. Foxit Software: Proprietary: Yes Yes Yes Android, iOS, iPadOS ...
An introduction on Linux I/O Redirection "Linux I/O Redirection" Archived 10 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine with tee; GNU tee manual: duplicate standard input – Shell and Utilities Reference, The Single UNIX Specification, Version 4 from The Open Group; Plan 9 Programmer's Manual, Volume 1; Inferno General commands Manual
A port of the original rc to Unix is part of Plan 9 from User Space. A rewrite of rc for Unix-like operating systems by Byron Rakitzis is also available but includes some incompatible changes. Rc uses C-like control structures instead of the original Bourne shell's ALGOL -like structures, except that it uses an if not construct instead of else ...
An important aspect of this, setting Unix pipes apart from other pipe implementations, is the concept of buffering: for example a sending program may produce 5000 bytes per second, and a receiving program may only be able to accept 100 bytes per second, but no data is lost. Instead, the output of the sending program is held in the buffer.
Traditional application programs on IBM mainframe operating systems have no standard input and output streams to allow redirection or piping. Instead of spawning processes with external programs, CMS Pipelines features a lightweight dispatcher to concurrently execute instances of more than 200 built-in programs that implement typical UNIX ...
The Unix philosophy, originated by Ken Thompson, is a set of cultural norms and philosophical approaches to minimalist, modular software development. It is based on the experience of leading developers of the Unix operating system .
David A. Wheeler notes [9] four possible outcomes of a fork, with examples: The death of the fork. This is by far the most common case. It is easy to declare a fork, but considerable effort to continue independent development and support. A re-merging of the fork (e.g., egcs becoming "blessed" as the new version of GNU Compiler Collection.)