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  2. Untranslatability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Untranslatability

    For example, the translator can compensate for an "untranslatable" pun in one part of a text by adding a new pun in another part of the translated text. Oscar Wilde 's play The Importance of Being Earnest incorporates in its title a pun (resonating in the last line of the play) that conflates the name Ernest with the adjective of quality earnest .

  3. Tacit knowledge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacit_knowledge

    Tacit knowledge or implicit knowledge is knowledge that is difficult to extract or articulate—as opposed to conceptualized, formalized, codified, or explicit knowledge—is more difficult to convey to others through verbalization or writing. Examples of this include individual wisdom, experience, insight, motor skill, and intuition. [1]

  4. Hypernymy and hyponymy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypernymy_and_hyponymy

    For example, screwdriver, scissors, knife, and hammer are all co-hyponyms of one another and hyponyms of tool, but not hyponyms of one another: *"A hammer is a type of knife" is false. Co-hyponyms are often but not always related to one another by the relation of incompatibility. For example, apple, peach and plum are co-hyponyms of fruit.

  5. International English Language Testing System - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_English...

    Section 1 contains two or three short texts or several shorter texts, which deal with everyday topics. For example, timetables or notices – things a person would need to understand when living in an English-speaking country. Section 2 contains two texts, which deal with work. For example, job descriptions, contracts, training materials.

  6. Literal translation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literal_translation

    Literal translation, direct translation, or word-for-word translation is the translation of a text done by translating each word separately without analysing how the words are used together in a phrase or sentence. [1] In translation theory, another term for literal translation is metaphrase (as opposed to paraphrase for an analogous translation).

  7. ILR scale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ILR_scale

    Grades may be assigned separately for different skills such as reading, speaking, listening, writing, translation, audio translation, interpretation, and intercultural communication. For some of these skills, the level may be referred to with an abbreviation, for example, S-1 for Speaking Level 1.

  8. English as She Is Spoke - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_as_She_Is_Spoke

    The humour largely arises from Carolino's indiscriminate use of literal translation, which has led to many idiomatic expressions being translated ineptly. For example, Carolino translates the Portuguese phrase chover a cântaros as "raining in jars", when an analogous English idiom is available in the form of "raining buckets".

  9. Direct method (education) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_method_(education)

    Employ different examples of Element that are easy to understand, changing country/city names, people names, and words student already knows. Keep a list of everything taught, so proper testing may be done. D. Observation and Notation: Teacher should maintain a student list of words/phrases that are most difficult for that student. The list is ...