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An excerpt from Eric Alterman's new book, The Cause, attempts to explain the long-asked question: How did classical liberalism transition into New Deal liberalism?
The New Deal was a series of domestic programs, public work projects, financial reforms, and regulations enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the United States between 1933 and 1938, with the aim of addressing the Great Depression, which began in 1929.
By the late 1960s, the classic “liberal” interpretation of the New Deal was also drawing fire from critics in the “New Left.” Scholars like Barton Bernstein, Paul Conkin, and Howard Zinn argued that the New Deal had not transformed corporate capitalism so much as “conserved and protected” it.
By 1939, one prominent journalist discerned an emerging "new New Deal," and some historians have begun to write of a "Third New Deal" taking shape by the end of the decade. For liberal policy formulation, if not for its implementation, the late 1930s were considerably more important than commonly recognized.'.
This chapter explores debates among Republicans about the new focus on statism, known as ‘New Deal liberalism’, debates that were formative in refashioning conservatism in the United States as an ideology focusing on the ills of ‘big government’.
What happened (or, more to the point, what didn't happen) to government during the Eisenhower, Nixon, and Reagan presidencies is in its way as much a measure of the depth of the New Deal revolution as what happened during the Truman, Kennedy/Johnson, and Clinton years.
Alonzo Hamby traces the Democratic Party's evolving effort to incorporate New Deal traditions in the Cold War era. Richard Fried offers a fresh look at the impact of McCarthyism. Richard Polenberg situates Robert Oppenheimer, the father of the atomic bomb, in a tradition of liberal thought.
In the Swedish case, we find the development of an ideology that broke free of earlier conservative ideas, articulating a coherent set of social principles and goals, along with guidelines about how government should promote those goals.
There is no escaping the New Deal's pivotal place in studies of twentieth-century American politics. Social scientists have vigorously debated the causes of the New Deal's distinctive features and continue to argue about its consequences for subsequent American political development.
The wartime experience helped complete the transformation of New Deal liberalism. It muted Washington's hostility to the corporate world and diminished liberal faith in the capacity of government to reform capitalism.