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Theta-pinch, or θ-pinch, is a type of fusion power reactor design. The name refers to the configuration of currents used to confine the plasma fuel in the reactor, arranged to run around a cylinder in the direction normally denoted as theta in polar coordinate diagrams.
In fusion power research, the Z-pinch (zeta pinch) is a type of plasma confinement system that uses an electric current in the plasma to generate a magnetic field that compresses it (see pinch). These systems were originally referred to simply as pinch or Bennett pinch (after Willard Harrison Bennett ), but the introduction of the θ-pinch ...
Screw pinch – A combination of a Z-pinch and theta pinch [15] (also called a stabilized Z-pinch, or θ-Z pinch) [16] [17] Reversed field pinch or toroidal pinch – This is a Z-pinch arranged in the shape of a torus. The plasma has an internal magnetic field. As distance increases from the center of this ring, the magnetic field reverses ...
The first real effort to build a control fusion reactor used the pinch effect in a toroidal container. A large transformer wrapping the container was used to induce a current in the plasma inside. This current creates a magnetic field that squeezes the plasma into a thin ring, thus "pinching" it.
Magnetized target fusion (MTF) is a fusion power concept that combines features of magnetic confinement fusion (MCF) and inertial confinement fusion (ICF). Like the magnetic approach, the fusion fuel is confined at lower density by magnetic fields while it is heated into a plasma.
A technician looks through the center of the NRL Linus-0 reactor. The Linus program [a] was an experimental fusion power project developed by the United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) starting in 1971. [2] The goal of the project was to produce a controlled fusion reaction by compressing plasma inside a metal liner.
Various authors have also put forth ways to organize all the fusion approaches that have been tested over the past 70+ years. This flow chart above groups the approaches into color coded families, these are: the Pinch Family (orange), The Mirror Family (red), Cusp Systems (violet), Tokamaks & Stellarators (Green), Plasma Structures (gray), Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (dark yellow ...
It was realized that the cost of the metal liners would likely be higher than the value of the electricity they would produce, the "kopeck problem", [a] and they considered the idea of using a reusable liquid metal liner instead.