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assert.h is a header file in the C standard library. It defines the C preprocessor macro assert and implements runtime assertion in C. assert.h is defined in ANSI C as part of the C standard library. In the C++ programming language, assert.h and < cassert > are available; both are functionally equivalent. [1]
utility is a header file in the C++ Standard Library.This file has two key components: rel_ops, a namespace containing set of templates which define default behavior for the relational operators!=, >, <=, and >= between objects of the same type, based on user-defined operators == and <.
In C++, both assert.h and cassert headers provide the assert macro. The danger of assertions is that they may cause side effects either by changing memory data or by changing thread timing. Assertions should be implemented carefully so they cause no side effects on program code.
Various syntax changes improve compatibility with C++, such as labels before declarations, unnamed function arguments, zero initialization with {}, variadic functions without named argument, C++11 style attributes, _Static_assert (see Syntax). For labels at the end of compound statements a corresponding change was made to C++23. [47]
In C and C++, even if two pointers compare as equal that doesn't mean they are equivalent. In these languages and LLVM , the rule is interpreted to mean that "just because two pointers point to the same address, does not mean they are equal in the sense that they can be used interchangeably", the difference between the pointers referred to as ...
assert_equal (x, y); assert_not_equal (x, y); But this leads to an explosion in the number of assertion macros, as the above set is expanded to support comparisons different from simple equality. So "third generation" unit test frameworks use a library such as Hamcrest to support an 'assert_that' operator that can be combined with 'matcher ...
C++14 allows the lookup to be done via an arbitrary type, so long as the comparison operator can compare that type with the actual key type. [16] This would allow a map from std::string to some value to compare against a const char* or any other type for which an operator< overload is available.
[4] [5] Some compilers, such as Microsoft Visual C++ have, at least in the past, required the header to be included in order to use these identifiers unless a compiler flag is set. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] The header <ciso646> was deprecated in C++17 , and removed in C++20 , [ 8 ] while <iso646.h> was retained for compatibility with C. [ 9 ]