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Shrink-fitting is a technique in which an interference fit is achieved by a relative size change after assembly. This is usually achieved by heating or cooling one component before assembly and allowing it to return to the ambient temperature after assembly, employing the phenomenon of thermal expansion to make a joint.
For example, the lid cannot slip sideways away from the pot because both interlock at the edge. On the other hand, a round lid can be rotated while sitting on the pot, because there is no form-fit against the rotation. Towards the bottom, the lid has a stop against the pot. This is a "half form-fit" because upwards it can be removed.
Push fit connections are easier to make than soldered or glued connections, however there is still some knowledge needed to do it right. The defects that can cause joint failure are not pushing the pipe in far enough, not having a smooth round end to the pipe, too rough a pipe surface under the O-ring, and detritus in the mechanism.
The work of Sylvester inspired A. B. Kempe, who showed that linkages for addition and multiplication could be assembled into a system that traced a given algebraic curve. [6] Kempe's design procedure has inspired research at the intersection of geometry and computer science. [7] [8]
Engineering fits are generally used as part of geometric dimensioning and tolerancing when a part or assembly is designed. In engineering terms, the "fit" is the clearance between two mating parts, and the size of this clearance determines whether the parts can, at one end of the spectrum, move or rotate independently from each other or, at the other end, are temporarily or permanently joined.
As an example, a 10 mm (0.394 in) shaft made of 303 stainless steel will form a tight fit with allowance of 3–10 μm (0.00012–0.00039 in). A slip fit can be formed when the bore diameter is 12–20 μm (0.00047–0.00079 in) wider than the rod; or, if the rod is made 12–20 μm under the given bore diameter. [citation needed] An example:
The rim of the joint is flared, sometimes into a wide flange, to give a larger surface for the joint to seal over. Aside from joints using a gasket or O-ring, this is the only type of ground-glass joint used for very large diameters, since at those scales conical joints become impractical to manufacture and are prone to binding. Flat joints are ...
A knuckle joint on a locomotive, seen behind the pin joint of the eccentric crank. Ball-point pen included for size. A mechanical joint is a section of a machine which is used to connect one or more mechanical parts to another. Mechanical joints may be temporary or permanent; most types are designed to be disassembled.