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  2. Hydrolock - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrolock

    Hydrolock. Hydrolock (a shorthand notation for hydrostatic lock or hydraulic lock) is an abnormal condition of any device which is designed to compress a gas by mechanically restraining it; most commonly the reciprocating internal combustion engine, the case this article refers to unless otherwise noted. Hydrolock occurs when a volume of liquid ...

  3. Secondary air injection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_air_injection

    The pump's air intake is filtered by a rotating screen or the vehicle air filter to exclude dirt particles large enough to damage the system. Air is delivered under light pressure to the injection point(s). A check valve prevents exhaust forcing its way back through the air injection system, which would damage the pump and other components.

  4. Exhaust system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_system

    An exhaust system is used to guide reaction exhaust gases away from a controlled combustion inside an engine or stove. The entire system conveys burnt gases from the engine and includes one or more exhaust pipes. Depending on the overall system design, the exhaust gas may flow through one or more of the following: A turbocharger to increase ...

  5. Internal combustion engine cooling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine...

    Most internal combustion engines are fluid cooled using either air (a gaseous fluid) or a liquid coolant run through a heat exchanger (radiator) cooled by air. Marine engines and some stationary engines have ready access to a large volume of water at a suitable temperature. The water may be used directly to cool the engine, but often has ...

  6. Camshaft - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camshaft

    A camshaft is a shaft that contains a row of pointed cams in order to convert rotational motion to reciprocating motion. Camshafts are used in piston engines (to operate the intake and exhaust valves), [1][2] mechanically controlled ignition systems and early electric motor speed controllers. Camshafts in piston engines are usually made from ...

  7. Contrail - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contrail

    The combination of water vapor in aircraft engine exhaust and the low ambient temperatures at high altitudes causes the trails' formation. Impurities in the engine exhaust from the fuel, including soot and sulfur compounds (0.05% by weight in jet fuel) provide some of the particles that serve as cloud condensation nuclei for water droplet ...

  8. Shock diamond - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_diamond

    Shock diamonds are the bright areas seen in the exhaust of this statically mounted Pratt & Whitney J58 engine on full afterburner.. Shock diamonds (also known as Mach diamonds or thrust diamonds) are a formation of standing wave patterns that appear in the supersonic exhaust plume of an aerospace propulsion system, such as a supersonic jet engine, rocket, ramjet, or scramjet, when it is ...

  9. Exhaust gas recirculation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation

    In internal combustion engines, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is a nitrogen oxide (NO x) emissions reduction technique used in petrol/gasoline, diesel engines and some hydrogen engines. [1] EGR works by recirculating a portion of an engine's exhaust gas back to the engine cylinders. The exhaust gas displaces atmospheric air and reduces O 2 in ...