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The giant bucket-wheel excavators in the German Rhineland coal mines are among the world's biggest land vehicles. Open-pit mining, also known as open-cast or open-cut mining and in larger contexts mega-mining, [ 1 ] is a surface mining technique that extracts rock or minerals from the earth. Open-pit mines are used when deposits of commercially ...
Power shovels are used principally for excavation and removal of overburden in open-cut mining operations; they may also be used for the loading of minerals, such as coal. They are the classic equivalent of excavators, and operate in a similar fashion. Other uses of the power shovel include: Close range work. Digging very hard materials.
Stoping. Sketch painting of miners stoping at the Burra Burra Mine, Burra, Australia, 1847. Stoping is the process of extracting the desired ore or other mineral from an underground mine, leaving behind an open space known as a stope. [1] Stoping is used when the country rock is sufficiently strong not to collapse into the stope, although in ...
Outline of mining. The hammer and pick, two basic tools traditionally used in mining for breaking rock, together form a main heraldic symbol of mining and miners. It is also used to mark the location of mines on maps. In other locations, the pickaxe and shovel fill the same purpose. The following outline is provided as an overview of and ...
Shaft sinking. A plan-view schematic of a mine shaft showing cage and skip compartments. Services may be housed in either of the four open compartments. Shaft mining or shaft sinking is the action of excavating a mine shaft from the top down, where there is initially no access to the bottom. [1] Shallow shafts, typically sunk for civil ...
Java. Free to use software to digitize geological cross-sections, and display and edit borehole logs. Geoscience ANALYST [31] Free 3D visualization and communication software for integrated, multi-disciplinary geoscience and mining data and models, which also connects to Python through geoh5py, its open-source API.
Extraction. Nickel laterites are a very important type of nickel ore deposit. They are growing to become the most important source of nickel metal for world demand (currently second to sulfide nickel ore deposits). Nickel laterites are generally mined via open cut mining methods. Nickel is extracted from the ore by a variety of process routes.
General layout of a room-and-pillar mine. Retreat mining is the removal of pillars in the underground mining technique known as room and pillar mining. In the first phase of room and pillar mining, tunnels are advanced into the coal or ore body in a rectangular pattern resembling city streets. Pillars are left between tunnels to support the ...