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Sudan III is a dye used for Sudan staining. Similar dyes include Oil Red O, Sudan IV, and Sudan Black B. They are used for staining of triglycerides in frozen sections, and some protein bound lipids and lipoproteins on paraffin sections. It has the appearance of reddish brown crystals and a maximum absorption at 507(304) nm. [6]
Sudan stains and Sudan dyes are synthetic organic compounds that are used as dyes for various plastics (plastic colorants) and are also used to stain sudanophilic biological samples, usually lipids. Sudan II, Sudan III, Sudan IV, Oil Red O, and Sudan Black B are important members of this class of compounds (see images below).
Sudan III is a non-ionic lipophilic dye. It belongs to the class of azo dyes. Sudan III is used for tissue ceroid and lipofuscin analysis and blood-cell staining. It is used to color waxes, oils and spirit varnishes. Sudan III stains triglycerides in frozen sections.
These help control intestinal permeability (Polic, 2018) allowing or not, the passage of pathogens and xenobiotics to the rest of the body. Because of this, low levels of SCFA’s can be a risk factor for cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in colon, increasing susceptibility of cancer (Honma, 2015).
A relatively polar molecule (e.g., acetone, acetonitrile, formamide, methanol, 1-propanol or tetrahydrofuran) can be used as electroosmotic flow marker, and usually a highly hydrophobic, neutral compound such as Sudan III, Sudan IV, dodecanophenone, Orange OT, or Yellow OB as micelle marker.
Sudan III is a bis(azo) compound that is 2-naphthol substituted at position 1 by a 4-{[(2-methylphenyl)diazenyl]phenyl}diazenyl group. A fat-soluble dye predominantly used for demonstrating triglycerides in frozen sections, but which may also stain some protein bound lipids in paraffin sections.
Sudan III is a lipophilic stain useful for the identification of lipids (neutral fats and triglycerides) in the urine, as an adjunct to polarization, or when polarized microscopy is not available. After usual sediment preparation add 3-5 drops of Sudan III and mix gently.