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  2. History of the euro - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_euro

    However, it did not take on its full powers until the euro was created on 1 January 1999. The bank's first President was Wim Duisenberg, former head of the EMI and the Dutch central bank. [ 4 ] The conversion rates between the 11 participating national currencies and the euro were then established.

  3. Euro - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro

    The name euro was officially adopted on 16 December 1995 in Madrid. [15] The euro was introduced to world financial markets as an accounting currency on 1 January 1999, replacing the former European Currency Unit (ECU) at a ratio of 1:1 (US$1.1743 at the time). Physical euro coins and banknotes entered into circulation on 1 January 2002, making ...

  4. Great Recession in Europe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Recession_in_Europe

    European car sales fell 7.8% in May compared with a year earlier. [3] Retail sales fell by 0.6% in June from the May level and by 3.1% from June in the previous year. Germany was the only country out of the four biggest economies in the eurozone to register an increase of activity in July though the increase was sharply down.

  5. European debt crisis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_debt_crisis

    The European debt crisis, often also referred to as the eurozone crisis or the European sovereign debt crisis, was a multi-year debt crisis that took place in the European Union (EU) from 2009 until the mid to late 2010s. Several eurozone member states (Greece, Portugal, Ireland and Cyprus) were unable to repay or refinance their government ...

  6. August 2011 stock markets fall - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_2011_stock_markets_fall

    The August 2011 stock markets fall was the sharp drop in stock prices in August 2011 in stock exchanges across the United States, Middle East, Europe and Asia. This was due to fears of contagion of the European sovereign debt crisis to Spain and Italy, as well as concerns over France's current AAA rating, [1] concerns over the slow economic growth of the United States and its credit rating ...

  7. Denmark and the euro - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark_and_the_euro

    Denmark and the euro. Denmark uses the krone as its currency and does not use the euro, having negotiated the right to opt out from participation under the Maastricht Treaty of 1992. In 2000, the government held a referendum on introducing the euro, which was defeated with 53.2% voting no and 46.8% voting yes.

  8. International status and usage of the euro - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_status_and...

    The international status and usage of the euro has grown since its launch in 1999. When the euro formally replaced 12 currencies on 1 January 2002, it inherited their use in territories such as Montenegro and replaced minor currencies tied to pre-euro currencies, such as in Monaco. Four small states have been given a formal right to use the ...

  9. United Kingdom and the euro - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_and_the_euro

    The United Kingdom did not seek to adopt the euro as its official currency for the duration of its membership of the European Union (EU), and secured an opt-out at the euro's creation via the Maastricht Treaty in 1992, wherein the Bank of England would only be a member of the European System of Central Banks. United Kingdom opinion polls showed ...