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In the former Eastern Bloc countries, the public sector in 1989 accounted for between 70% and over 90% of total employment. [5] In China a full 78.3% of the urban labor force were employed in the public sector by 1978, the year the Chinese economic reform was launched, after which the rates dropped.
Government effectiveness index. The government effectiveness index is a ranking of state capacity developed by the World Bank Group. It measures the quality of public services, civil service, policy formulation and implementation, and the credibility of a government's commitment to improving or maintaining these aspects.
The Worldwide Governance Indicators are a compilation of the perceptions of a very diverse group of respondents, collected in large number of surveys and other cross-country assessments of governance. Some of these instruments capture the views of firms, individuals, and public officials in the countries being assessed.
Bureaucracy (/ b j ʊəˈr ɒ k r ə s i /; bure-OK-rə-see) is a system of organization where decisions are made by a body of non-elected officials. [1] Historically, a bureaucracy was a government administration managed by departments staffed with non-elected officials. [ 2 ]
The Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) is an index that scores and ranks countries by their perceived levels of public sector [1] corruption, as assessed by experts and business executives. [2] The CPI generally defines corruption as an "abuse of entrusted power for private gain".
Rule by algorithms used in diverse levels of bureaucracy, which is also known as algorithmic regulation, regulation by algorithms, algorithmic governance, algorithmic legal order of government by algorithm. Isocracy: A country where everyone has equal political power.
The Global Competitiveness Report (GCR) [1] was a yearly report published by the World Economic Forum. Between 2004 and 2020, [2] the Global Competitiveness Report ranked countries based on the Global Competitiveness Index, [1] developed by Xavier Sala-i-Martin and Elsa V. Artadi. [3] Before that, the macroeconomic ranks were based on Jeffrey ...
Democracy. The Democracy Ranking is an index compiled by the Association for Development and Advancement of the Democracy Award, an Austria -based non-partisan organization. [1][2] Democracy Ranking produces an annual global ranking of liberal democracies. The applied conceptual formula, which measures the quality of democracy, integrates ...