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In the former Eastern Bloc countries, the public sector in 1989 accounted for between 70% and over 90% of total employment. [5] In China a full 78.3% of the urban labor force were employed in the public sector by 1978, the year the Chinese economic reform was launched, after which the rates dropped.
The Democracy Ranking is an index compiled by the Association for Development and Advancement of the Democracy Award, an Austria -based non-partisan organization. [1][2] Democracy Ranking produces an annual global ranking of liberal democracies. The applied conceptual formula, which measures the quality of democracy, integrates democracy and ...
List of countries by system of government. Note: this chart represents de jure systems of government, not the de facto degree of democracy. This is a list of sovereign states by constitutionally-defined de jure system of government. This list does not measure the degree of democracy, political corruption, or state capacity of governments.
e. Bureaucracy (/ bjʊəˈrɒkrəsi /; bure-OK-rə-see) is a system of organization where decisions are made by a body of non-elected officials. [1] Historically, a bureaucracy was a government administration managed by departments staffed with non-elected officials. [2] Today, bureaucracy is the administrative system governing any large ...
Government effectiveness index. The government effectiveness index is a ranking of state capacity developed by the World Bank Group. It measures the quality of public services, civil service, policy formulation and implementation, and the credibility of a government's commitment to improving or maintaining these aspects.
List of countries by population (United Nations) This is a list of countries and other inhabited territories of the world by total population, based on estimates published by the United Nations in the 2024 revision of World Population Prospects. It presents population estimates from 1950 to the present. [2]
Germany and the European Union present the only examples of federalism in the world where members of the federal "upper houses" (the German Bundesrat, i.e. the Federal Council; and the European Council) are neither elected nor appointed but comprise members or delegates of the governments of their constituents.
4 constituent countries: 1 constituent country without devolution: England: Greater London: City of London: 25 wards: 32 London boroughs (including 1 city) areas 10,449 parishes [86] with some unparished areas: 6 metropolitan counties (covered by combined authorities) 36 metropolitan boroughs (a.k.a. metropolitan districts) 21 two-tier non ...