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ENIAC (/ ˈ ɛ n i æ k /; Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) [1] [2] was the first programmable, electronic, general-purpose digital computer, completed in 1945. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Other computers had some of these features, but ENIAC was the first to have them all.
The history of the personal computer as a mass-market consumer electronic device began with the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s. A personal computer is one intended for interactive individual use, as opposed to a mainframe computer where the end user's requests are filtered through operating staff, or a time-sharing system in which one large processor is shared by many individuals.
Colossus is thus regarded [2] as the world's first programmable, electronic, digital computer, although it was programmed by switches and plugs and not by a stored program. [ 3 ] Colossus was designed by General Post Office (GPO) research telephone engineer Tommy Flowers [ 1 ] based on plans developed by mathematician Max Newman at the ...
The Ferranti Mark 1, also known as the Manchester Electronic Computer in its sales literature, [1] and thus sometimes called the Manchester Ferranti, was produced by British electrical engineering firm Ferranti Ltd. It was the world's first commercially available electronic general-purpose stored program digital computer. [a]
Built the first digital freely programmable computer, the Z1. Built the first functional program-controlled computer, the Z3 in 1941. [59] The Z3 already used what later became known as Reverse Polish Notation, and it was proven to be Turing-complete in 1998. Produced the world's first commercial computer, the Z4. Designed the first high-level ...
The first stored-program transistor computer was the ETL Mark III, developed by Japan's Electrotechnical Laboratory [50] [51] [52] from 1954 [53] to 1956. [51] However, early junction transistors were relatively bulky devices that were difficult to manufacture on a mass-production basis, which limited them to a number of specialized applications.
The Manchester Mark 1 was dismantled and scrapped in August 1950, [28] replaced a few months later by the first Ferranti Mark 1, the world's first commercially available general-purpose computer. [1] Between 1946 and 1949, the average size of the design team working on the Mark 1 and its predecessor, the Baby, had been about four people.
Konrad Zuse developed the S1, the world's first process computer, used by Henschel to measure the surface of wings. 1943 Apr United Kingdom: Max Newman, C. E. Wynn-Williams and their team at the secret Government Code and Cypher School ('Station X'), Bletchley Park, Bletchley, England, completed the 'Heath Robinson'. This was a specialized ...