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Greek letters are used in mathematics, science, engineering, and other areas where mathematical notation is used as symbols for constants, special functions, and also conventionally for variables representing certain quantities. In these contexts, the capital letters and the small letters represent distinct and unrelated entities.
Archaic form of Phi. Phi (/ f aɪ /; [1] uppercase Φ, lowercase φ or ϕ; Ancient Greek: ϕεῖ pheî; Modern Greek: φι fi) is the twenty-first letter of the Greek alphabet.. In Archaic and Classical Greek (c. 9th to 4th century BC), it represented an aspirated voiceless bilabial plosive ([pʰ]), which was the origin of its usual romanization as ph .
A mathematical symbol is a figure or a combination of figures that is used to represent a mathematical object, an action on mathematical objects, a relation between mathematical objects, or for structuring the other symbols that occur in a formula. As formulas are entirely constituted with symbols of various types, many symbols are needed for ...
theta: angular displacement: radian (rad) kappa: torsion coefficient also called torsion constant newton meter per radian (N⋅m/rad) lambda: cosmological constant: per second squared (s −2) wavelength: meter (m) linear charge density: coulomb per meter (C/m) eigenvalue: non-zero vector
Both the use of symbols and the naming order of tuple coordinates differ among the several sources and disciplines. This article will use the ISO convention [ 1 ] frequently encountered in physics , where the naming tuple gives the order as: radial distance, polar angle, azimuthal angle, or ( r , θ , φ ) {\displaystyle (r,\theta ,\varphi )} .
By 1910, inventor Mark Barr began using the Greek letter phi ( ) as a symbol for the golden ratio. [32] [e] It has also been represented by tau ( ), the first letter of the ancient Greek τομή ('cut' or 'section'). [35] Dan Shechtman demonstrates quasicrystals at the NIST in 1985 using a Zometoy model.
The symbol ϵ (U+03F5) is designated specifically for the lunate form, used as a technical symbol. The symbol ϑ ("script theta") is a cursive form of theta (θ), frequent in handwriting, and used with a specialized meaning as a technical symbol. The symbol ϰ ("kappa symbol") is a cursive form of kappa (κ), used as a technical symbol.
A mathematical constant is a key number whose value is fixed by an unambiguous definition, often referred to by a symbol (e.g., an alphabet letter), or by mathematicians' names to facilitate using it across multiple mathematical problems. [1]