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Chr. 11 p15.5. Hemoglobin (haemoglobin, [ a ]Hb or Hgb) is a protein containing iron that facilitates the transport of oxygen in red blood cells. Almost all vertebrates contain hemoglobin, [ 3 ] with the sole exception of the fish family Channichthyidae. [ 4 ]
The average red blood cell contains 250 million hemoglobin molecules. [7] Hemoglobin contains a globin protein unit with four prosthetic heme groups (hence the name heme-o-globin); each heme is capable of reversibly binding with one gaseous molecule (oxygen, carbon monoxide, cyanide, etc.), [8] therefore a typical red blood cell may carry up to one billion gas molecules.
The Bohr effect is a phenomenon first described in 1904 by the Danish physiologist Christian Bohr. Hemoglobin 's oxygen binding affinity (see oxygen–haemoglobin dissociation curve) is inversely related both to acidity and to the concentration of carbon dioxide. [ 1 ] That is, the Bohr effect refers to the shift in the oxygen dissociation ...
Carbaminohemoglobin is a compound that bind to hemoglobin in the blood. Hemoglobin is a protein that is found in red blood cells and it is crucial for transporting oxygen from the lungs to tissues and organs. Hemoglobin also plays an important role in transporting carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs for exhalation.
The Haldane effect is a property of hemoglobin first described by John Scott Haldane, within which oxygenation of blood in the lungs displaces carbon dioxide from hemoglobin, increasing the removal of carbon dioxide. Consequently, oxygenated blood has a reduced affinity for carbon dioxide. Thus, the Haldane effect describes the ability of ...
e. Air pollution is the contamination of air due to the presence of substances called pollutants in the atmosphere that are harmful to the health of humans and other living beings, or cause damage to the climate or to materials. [ 1 ] It is also the contamination of the indoor or outdoor environment either by chemical, physical, or biological ...
In medicine, oxygen saturation refers to oxygenation, or when oxygen molecules (O. 2) enter the tissuesof the body. In this case bloodis oxygenated in the lungs, where oxygen molecules travel from the air into the blood. Oxygen saturation ((O. 2) sats) measures the percentage of hemoglobinbinding sites in the bloodstream occupied by oxygen.
Air pollution is also a major contributor to surface water pollution. The type of pollutants in the air emitted by industrial facilities, motor vehicles, [ 48 ] and agricultural bio-waste released to the atmosphere affect the quality of marine and fresh water bodies, thus affecting marine life, plants, animals, and ultimately human survival.