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  2. Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Oil_Co._of_New...

    Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States, 221 U.S. 1 (1911), was a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision in which the Court ruled that John D. Rockefeller 's petroleum conglomerate Standard Oil had illegally monopolized the American petroleum industry and ordered the company to break itself up. [1] At the same time, the Court also held ...

  3. As is - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/As_is

    "As is" is a phrase used to indicate the existing condition of something without any modifications or improvements. [1] The term is employed in legal, business, and consumer settings to establish that an item or property is being sold or provided in its current condition, [2] [3] with no warranties or guarantees regarding its quality.

  4. Commerce Clause - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commerce_Clause

    The Commerce Clause describes an enumerated power listed in the United States Constitution (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3). The clause states that the United States Congress shall have power "to regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes". Courts and commentators have tended to discuss each ...

  5. Negligent entrustment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negligent_entrustment

    e. Negligent entrustment is a cause of action in United States tort law which arises where one party ("the entrustor") is held liable for negligence because they negligently provided another party ("the entrustee") with a dangerous instrumentality, and the entrusted party caused injury to a third party with that instrumentality.

  6. J. McIntyre Machinery, Ltd. v. Nicastro - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._McIntyre_Machinery,_Ltd...

    J. McIntyre Machinery, Ltd. v. Nicastro, 564 U.S. 873 (2011), is a decision by the United States Supreme Court holding that a court may not exercise jurisdiction over a defendant that has not purposefully availed itself of doing business in the jurisdiction or placed goods in the stream of commerce in the expectation they would be purchased in the jurisdiction.

  7. Wickard v. Filburn - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wickard_v._Filburn

    Wickard v. Filburn, 317 U.S. 111 (1942), was a landmark United States Supreme Court decision that dramatically increased the regulatory power of the federal government. It remains as one of the most important and far-reaching cases concerning the New Deal, and it set a precedent for an expansive reading of the U.S. Constitution's Commerce Clause for decades to come.

  8. Dormant Commerce Clause - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dormant_Commerce_Clause

    Dormant Commerce Clause. The Dormant Commerce Clause, or Negative Commerce Clause, in American constitutional law, is a legal doctrine that courts in the United States have inferred from the Commerce Clause in Article I of the US Constitution. [1] The primary focus of the doctrine is barring state protectionism.

  9. Plain meaning rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_meaning_rule

    v. t. e. The plain meaning rule, also known as the literal rule, is one of three rules of statutory construction traditionally applied by English courts. [1] The other two are the "mischief rule" and the "golden rule". The plain meaning rule dictates that statutes are to be interpreted using the ordinary meaning of the language of the statute.