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Kidney failure, also known as end-stage renal disease (ESRD), is a medical condition in which the kidneys can no longer adequately filter waste products from the blood, functioning at less than 15% of normal levels. [ 2 ] Kidney failure is classified as either acute kidney failure, which develops rapidly and may resolve; and chronic kidney ...
1.2 million (2015) [ 6 ] Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a type of long-term kidney disease, in which either there is a gradual loss of kidney function occurs over a period of months to years, or abnormal kidney structure (with normal function). [ 2 ][ 5 ] Initially generally no symptoms are seen, but later symptoms may include leg swelling ...
Kidney disease, or renal disease, technically referred to as nephropathy, is damage to or disease of a kidney. Nephritis is an inflammatory kidney disease and has several types according to the location of the inflammation. Inflammation can be diagnosed by blood tests. Nephrosis is non-inflammatory kidney disease.
In humans, the kidneys are two reddish-brown bean-shaped blood-filtering organs [ 1 ] that are a multilobar, multipapillary form of mammalian kidneys, usually without signs of external lobulation. [ 2 ][ 3 ] They are located on the left and right in the retroperitoneal space, and in adult humans are about 12 centimetres (4+1⁄2 inches) in ...
Nephrotic syndrome is a collection of symptoms due to kidney damage. This includes protein in the urine, low blood albumin levels, high blood lipids, and significant swelling. Other symptoms may include weight gain, feeling tired, and foamy urine. Complications may include blood clots, infections, and high blood pressure.
Abnormal kidney function may cause too much or too little urine to be produced. The ability of the kidneys to filter protein is often measured, as urine albumin or urine protein levels, [2] measured either at a single instance or, because of variation throughout the day, as 24-hour urine tests. [citation needed]
Acute kidney injury. Pathologic kidney specimen showing marked pallor of the cortex, contrasting to the darker areas of surviving medullary tissue. The patient died with acute kidney injury. Acute kidney injury (AKI), previously called acute renal failure (ARF), [ 1 ][ 2 ] is a sudden decrease in kidney function that develops within 7 days, [ 3 ...
Serum creatinine (a blood measurement) is an important indicator of kidney function, because it is an easily measured byproduct of muscle metabolism that is excreted unchanged by the kidneys. Creatinine itself is produced [ 5 ] via a biological system involving creatine, phosphocreatine (also known as creatine phosphate), and adenosine ...
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