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Jai Hind (Hindi: जय् हिन्द्, IPA: [dʒəj ɦɪnd]) is a salutation and slogan that means "Hail India", "Long live India", [1] or literally "Victory [for] India" as originally coined by Champakaraman Pillai. [2] [3] Used during India's independence movement from British rule, [4] [5] it emerged as a battle cry and in political ...
Independent India's first years were marked with turbulent events—a massive exchange of population with Pakistan, the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 and the integration of over 500 princely states to form a united nation. [10] Vallabhbhai Patel, Jawaharlal Nehru and Mahatma Gandhi also ensured that the constitution of independent India would be ...
A Minister of State with independent charge is a minister without an overseeing Cabinet Minister in the State or Union Government of India. He himself is in charge of his ministry, unlike Minister of State who is also a Minister but assists a cabinet minister.
An independent politician or non-affiliated politician is a politician not affiliated with any political party or bureaucratic association. There are numerous reasons ...
The Senate declared Finland independent on 4 December 1917, and it was confirmed by parliament 6 December 1917 [1] which became the Independence Day of Finland. Independence is a condition of a nation, country, or state, in which residents and population, or some portion thereof, exercise self-government, and usually sovereignty, over its ...
A sovereign state is a state that has the supreme sovereignty or ultimate authority over a territory. [1] It is commonly understood that a sovereign state is independent. [2] ...
Political subdivisions of the Indian Empire in 1909 with British India (pink) and the princely states (yellow) Before it gained independence in 1947, India (also called the Indian Empire) was divided into two sets of territories, one under direct British rule (British India), and the other consisting of princely states under the suzerainty of the British Crown, with control over their internal ...
Nāgarī is an adjective derived from nagara , a Sanskrit word meaning "town" or "city", and literally means "urban" or "urbane". [21] The word Nāgarī (implicitly modifying lipi , "script") was used on its own to refer to a North Indian script, or perhaps a number of such scripts, as Al-Biruni attests in the 11th century; the form ...