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Anterior open bite resulted from tongue thrusting in a 24 y.o. patient. Anterior upper teeth are not touching their counterpart. Anterior open bite (AOB) is defined as a condition in which there is no contact and no vertical overlap of the lower incisor crown with the upper incisor crown when the mandible is in full occlusion. [19]
Orthognathic surgery (/ ˌ ɔːr θ ə ɡ ˈ n æ θ ɪ k /), also known as corrective jaw surgery or simply jaw surgery, is surgery designed to correct conditions of the jaw and lower face related to structure, growth, airway issues including sleep apnea, TMJ disorders, malocclusion problems primarily arising from skeletal disharmonies, and other orthodontic dental bite problems that cannot ...
In the temporomandibular joint, the initial mouth opening occur by rotation, within the inferior cavity of the joint. [14] The TMJ rotates around a fixed axis within the condyle, with no antero-inferior translation. [14] The maximum jaw opening with this rotation movement is indicated as 'R' on the Posselt's envelope of motion.
Malocclusion is often treated with orthodontics, [42] such as tooth extraction, clear aligners, or dental braces, [44] followed by growth modification in children or jaw surgery (orthognathic surgery) in adults. Surgical intervention is used only in rare occasions.
Orthodontics can address malocclusion without surgery, but this is often unstable or compensatory, and fails to address the aesthetic impacts of condylar degeneration. Orthognathic surgery in conjunction with orthodontics may be done to reconstruct and stabilize the condyles and disc of the temporomandibular joint.
The inferior compartment allows for rotation of the condylar head around an instantaneous axis of rotation, [14] corresponding to the first 20mm or so of the opening of the mouth. After the mouth is open to this extent, the mouth can no longer open without the superior compartment of the temporomandibular joints becoming active.
These are connected by sets of telescoping mechanisms that apply gentle upward and backward force on the upper jaw, and forward force on the lower jaw. The original bite-jumping appliance (Herbst appliance) was designed by Dr. Emil Herbst and reintroduced by Dr. Hans Pancherz using maxillary and mandibular first molars and first bicuspids.
Whenever orthodontic treatment is to be considered, it is essential to carry out a complete patient assessment to get a clear picture of the patient's medical and dental condition before any irreversible treatment (such as extractions) are carried out or the orthodontic treatment causes more harm than benefit.