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Dakin's solution is a dilute solution of sodium hypochlorite (0.4% to 0.5%) and other stabilizing ingredients, traditionally used as an antiseptic, e.g. to cleanse wounds in order to prevent infection. [1] The preparation was for a time called also Carrel–Dakin solution or Carrel–Dakin fluid. [2]
A 12% solution is widely used in waterworks for the chlorination of water, and a 15% solution is more commonly [39] used for disinfection of wastewater in treatment plants. Sodium hypochlorite can also be used for point-of-use disinfection of drinking water, [ 40 ] taking 0.2–2 mg of sodium hypochlorite per liter of water.
Mixing the two compounds forms a barium sulfate precipitate, which causes turbidity in the solution. A 0.5 McFarland standard is prepared by mixing 0.05 mL of 1.175% barium chloride dihydrate (BaCl 2 •2H 2 O), with 9.95 mL of 1% sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ).
To prepare a solution for use as pH indicator, dissolve 0.10 g in 8.0 cm 3 N/50 (a.k.a. 0.02 Normal) NaOH and dilute with water to 250 cm 3. To prepare a solution for use as indicator in volumetric work, dissolve 0.1 g in 100 cm 3 of 50% (v/v) ethanol. [5]
In chemistry, the mass concentration ρ i (or γ i) is defined as the mass of a constituent m i divided by the volume of the mixture V. [1]= For a pure chemical the mass concentration equals its density (mass divided by volume); thus the mass concentration of a component in a mixture can be called the density of a component in a mixture.
Benzalkonium chloride solutions are fast-acting biocidal agents with a moderately long duration of action. They are active against bacteria and some viruses, fungi, and protozoa. Bacterial spores are considered to be resistant. Solutions are bacteriostatic or bactericidal according to their concentration.
Percentage solution may refer to: Mass fraction (or "% w/w" or "wt.%"), for percent mass; Volume fraction (or "% v/v" or "vol.%"), volume concentration, for percent volume "Mass/volume percentage" (or "% m/v") in biology, for mass per unit volume; incorrectly used to denote mass concentration (chemistry). See usage in biology
There are many different ways to prepare PBS solutions, common ones are Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) [2] and the Cold Spring Harbor protocol. [3] Some formulations of DPBS do not contain potassium and magnesium, while other ones contain calcium and/or magnesium (depending on whether or not the buffer is used on live or fixed tissue: the latter does not require CaCl 2 or MgCl 2).