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The Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) 2014/68/EU (formerly 97/23/EC) [1] of the EU sets out the standards for the design and fabrication of pressure equipment ("pressure equipment" means steam boilers, pressure vessels, piping, safety valves and other components and assemblies subject to pressure loading) generally over one liter in volume and having a maximum pressure more than 0.5 bar gauge.
The ASME BPE is a voluntary consensus standard written by a team of over three hundred balanced subject matter experts. These individuals provide their knowledge and experience to drive technology and innovation forward safely and responsibly for the manufacturing of modern biopharmaceuticals.
Includes Vessels, Pumps, Valves, Piping, Storage Tanks, and Supports; Subsection ND Class 3 components (Those components that are not part of class 1 or 2 but are important to safety) Cooling Water Systems; Auxiliary Feedwater Systems; Includes Vessels, Pumps, Valves, Piping, Storage Tanks, and Supports; Subsection NE Class MC supports ...
The human body would act as the source for measurand that would generate bio-signals. This would include the body surface or blood pressure in the heart. Sensor/Transducer: This would be where the transducer would convert one form of energy to another form, and this would be usually electrical energy. An example would be the piezoelectric ...
A typical pressure vessel is not defined until there is at least one atmosphere (14.7 psig) of contained gas pressure. Less than that is typically a storage tank, even if there is some overpressure added by design. The rules for PVHO are invoked at 2 psig (13.8 kPa), per Section 1-2.1 "Application" of the ASME PVHO-1 code. [2]
Orifice plate showing vena contracta. An orifice plate is a thin plate with a hole in it, which is usually placed in a pipe. When a fluid (whether liquid or gaseous) passes through the orifice, its pressure builds up slightly upstream of the orifice [1] but as the fluid is forced to converge to pass through the hole, the velocity increases and the fluid pressure decreases.
These standards prescribe the requirements for the over-pressure protection systems, and their components, in gas plants. Not only the response time and accuracy of the loop but also safety factors for over-sizing of the actuator of the final element are dictated by these standards.
The oily mixture has to pass through a series of sensors to determine whether it is acceptable to be sent to the discharge pipe. [6] Based on regulations, the following values must be recorded by the system: [3] Date and time of the discharge; Location of the ship; Oil content of the discharge in ppm; Total quantity discharged; Discharge rate