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[6] Regardless of the controversy over the nature of the reforms, the long-term effects of the social changes gave rise to prominence of middle-ranking farmers from intermediate and lower castes in North India. [15] The rise of these newly empowered social classes challenged the political establishment of the Hindi Belt in the years to come. [15]
This caused political uncertainty until 1979, when Gandhi was elected by a clear majority. There was a definite trend in the political landscape of India during the 1970-80s. Whenever there was a Congress-led administration at the center, the regional administrations fell due to the defection of non-Congress elected representatives.
It also made recommendations for reform of school education, curricular reforms at universities, recommendations on education and examinations, research, as well as student welfare and state scholarships. [2] The recommendations were, however, controversial at the time.
B. R. Ambedkar with the leaders and activists of the All India Untouchable Women Conference held at Nagpur in 1942. B. R. Ambedkar, an Indian social reformer and politician who came from a social group that was considered untouchable, theorized that untouchability originated because of the deliberate policy of the Brahmins.
The article been political party funding, the challenges it faces and the reform initiatives that have been undertaken over the years to contain the political corruption that has invaded Indian democracy. N. Ram concludes succinctly in his book: [22] There is no such thing as political corruption as a self-contained category.
A highly contested issue in the proposed reforms was the reservation of seats for representation of the Depressed Classes in provincial and central legislatures. [36] In 1935, the UK Parliament passed the Government of India Act 1935, designed to give Indian provinces greater self-rule and set up a national federal structure. The reservation of ...
Shinde was a prominent campaigner on behalf of the Dalit movement in India who established the Depressed Classes Mission of India to provide education to the Dalits. [6] He laid the foundation of Depressed Class Mission on 18 October 1906 in order to work against untouchability at the national level.
Irfan Habib, an Indian historian, states that Abu al-Fazl's Ain-i Akbari provides a historical record and census of the Jat peasant caste of Hindus in northern India, where the tax-collecting noble classes , the armed cavalry and infantry (warrior class) doubling up as the farming peasants (working class), were all of the same Jat caste in the ...