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In physiology, a stimulus [1] is a change in a living thing's internal or external environment. This change can be detected by an organism or organ using sensitivity, and leads to a physiological reaction. [ 2 ]
A sensitivity guarantees that the distance from the critical point to the Nyquist curve is always greater than and the Nyquist curve of the loop transfer function is always outside a circle around the critical point + with the radius , known as the sensitivity circle.
Let denote the spatio-temporal stimulus vector preceding the 'th time bin, and the spike count in that bin. The stimuli can be assumed to have zero mean (i.e., [] =). If not, it can be transformed to have zero-mean by subtracting the mean stimulus from each vector.
Stimulus filtering occurs when an animal's nervous system fails to respond to stimuli that would otherwise cause a reaction to occur. [1] The nervous system has developed the capability to perceive and distinguish between minute differences in stimuli, which allows the animal to only react to significant impetus. [ 2 ]
The stimulation of a mechanoreceptor causes mechanically sensitive ion channels to open and produce a transduction current that changes the membrane potential of the cell. [10] Typically the mechanical stimulus gets filtered in the conveying medium before reaching the site of mechanotransduction. [11]
The spiking neuron model by Nossenson & Messer [72] [73] [74] produces the probability of the neuron firing a spike as a function of either an external or pharmacological stimulus. [ 72 ] [ 73 ] [ 74 ] The model consists of a cascade of a receptor layer model and a spiking neuron model, as shown in Fig 4.
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Although MS vary in many aspects, structures and functions, all the MS studied to date share an important feature: in a process called gating, they all open in a pore-like manner when protein channels are activated by a mechanical stimulus. There are currently two models of the gating process that explain how membrane-activated ion channels open.