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  2. Philosophical pessimism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_pessimism

    In short, pessimists view existence, overall, as having a deleterious effect on living beings: to be alive is to be put in a bad position. [5]: 4 [6]: 27–29 [7] [11] The bad prevails over the good — generally, the bad wins over the good. [9] [2] This can be understood in two ways. Firstly, one can make a case that — irrespective of the ...

  3. Cognitive distortion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_distortion

    In Feeling Good: The New Mood Therapy, David Burns clearly distinguished between pathological "should statements", moral imperatives, and social norms. A related cognitive distortion, also present in Ellis' REBT, is a tendency to "awfulize"; to say a future scenario will be awful, rather than to realistically appraise the various negative and ...

  4. Glossary of Stoicism terms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_Stoicism_terms

    φρόνησις: prudence, practical virtue and practical wisdom, or, colloquially, sense (as in "good sense", "horse sense"). physis φύσις: nature. pneuma πνεῦμα: air, breath, spirit, often as a principle in Stoic physics. proêgmena προηγμένα: preferred things. Morally indifferent but naturally desirable things, such as ...

  5. Existential crisis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existential_crisis

    Negative consequences of existential crisis include anxiety and bad relationships on the personal level as well as a high divorce rate and decreased productivity on the social level. Some questionnaires, such as the Purpose in Life Test, measure whether someone is currently undergoing an existential crisis.

  6. Splitting (psychology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splitting_(psychology)

    Splitting people, ideas, and things into categories of either good or bad can be typically seen in childhood development, but "is expected to recede once the child has developed the capacity to understand primary caretakers as simultaneously possessing both good and bad qualities."

  7. Benatar's asymmetry argument - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benatar's_asymmetry_argument

    David Benatar argues that there is a crucial asymmetry between the good and the bad things, such as pleasure and pain: 1. the presence of pain is bad; 2. the presence of pleasure is good; however 3. the absence of pain is good, even if that good is not enjoyed by anyone;

  8. Stoic passions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoic_Passions

    A person experiencing such an emotion has incorrectly valued an indifferent thing. [5] A fault of judgement, some false notion of good or evil, lies at the root of each passion. [6] Incorrect judgement as to a present good gives rise to delight, while lust is a wrong estimate about the future. [6]

  9. The Sickness unto Death - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sickness_unto_Death

    The Sickness unto Death (Danish: Sygdommen til Døden) is a book written by Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard in 1849 under the pseudonym Anti-Climacus. A work of Christian existentialism, the book is about Kierkegaard's concept of despair, which he equates with the Christian concept of sin, which he terms "the sin of despair".